{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T20:52:22Z","timestamp":1789246342928,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"National LUA\/ALF grant"},{"name":"Hjalmar Svensson\u2019s Fund"},{"name":"The University of Gothenburg"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"Gothenburg Medical Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compare hormonal contraceptive use, birth and abortion rates among teenagers in the Nordic countries. A secondary aim was to explore plausible explanations for possible differences between countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ecological study using national registry data concerning births and abortions among all women aged 15\u201319 years residing in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden 2008\u20132015. Age-specific data on prescriptions for hormonal contraceptives for the period 2008\u20132015 were obtained from national databases in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women 15\u201319 years old in all Nordic countries (749 709) and 13\u201319 years old in Denmark, Norway and Sweden (815 044).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both annual birth rates and abortion rates fell in all the Nordic countries during the study period. The highest user rate of hormonal contraceptives among 15\u201319-year-olds was observed in Denmark (from 51% to 47%) followed by Sweden (from 39% to 42%) and Norway (from 37% to 41%). Combined oral contraceptives were the most commonly used methods in all countries. The use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), implants and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems, were increasing, especially in Sweden and Norway. In the subgroup of 18\u201319-year-old teenagers, the user rates of hormonal contraceptives varied between 63% and 61% in Denmark, 56% and 61% in Norway and 54% and 56% in Sweden. In the same subgroup, the steepest increase of LARC was seen, from 2% to 6% in Denmark, 2% to 9% in Norway and 7% to 17% in Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Birth and abortion rates continuously declined in the Nordic countries among teenagers. There was a high user rate of hormonal contraceptives, with an increase in the use of LARC especially among the oldest teenagers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T17:33:44Z","timestamp":1588872824000},"page":"e022473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Ecological study on the use of hormonal contraception, abortions and births among teenagers in the Nordic countries"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Hognert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41685 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finn Egil","family":"Skjeldestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Gemzell-Danielsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oskari","family":"Heikinheimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki, University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Milsom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41685 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8jvind","family":"Lidegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingela","family":"Lindh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41685 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101811155805000_8.10.e022473.1","unstructured":"WHO. 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