{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:24:14Z","timestamp":1789579454441,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the combined effect of albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) on the overall survival (OS) of patients with heart failure (HF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>404 patients first diagnosed with HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum ALB and GLB were measured within 3\u2009days after admission. The albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) was calculated as the ALB divided by the GLB. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the cut-off points for ALB, GLB and AGR. Patients with low ALB levels (\u226435.3\u2009g\/L) and high GLB levels (&gt;27.0\u2009g\/L) were assigned an albumin-globulin score (AGS) of 2, those with only one of the two abnormalities were assigned an AGS of 1 and those with neither of the two abnormalities were assigned an AGS of 0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of the 404 patients was 62.69\u00b115.62, and 54.5% were male. 14 patients were lost to follow-up. 120 patients died from HF and 211 patients were readmitted to the hospital for worsening HF. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that higher AGR was significantly associated with favourable OS (HR, 0.61, 95%\u2009CI 0.38 to 0.98, p=0.040) but not AGS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum levels of ALB and GLB are objective and easily measurable biomarkers which can be used in combination to predict the survival of patients with HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,7]],"date-time":"2018-07-07T03:02:01Z","timestamp":1530932521000},"page":"e022960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effect of albumin-globulin score and albumin to globulin ratio on survival in patients with heart failure: a retrospective cohort study in 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