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The cotinine cut-off level that differentiated SGA infants from other infants was 3.03\u2009ng\/mL for both the total population and the full-term births subgroup (sensitivity 0.307; positive predictive value 2.3%). Compared with infants of mothers with a plasma cotinine level of &lt;3.03\u2009ng\/mL, infants of mothers with a plasma cotinine level of \u22653.03\u2009ng\/mL showed an increased OR for SGA in the total population and the full-term infant group (2.02(95% CI 1.45 to 2.83) and 2.44(95% CI 1.73 to 3.44), respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A plasma cotinine level of \u22653.03\u2009ng\/mL, which included both passive and active smokers, was associated with an increased risk of SGA. This finding is of important relevance when educating pregnant women about avoiding prenatal passive and active smoking due to the adverse effects on their infants, even those born at full-term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T09:25:18Z","timestamp":1549272318000},"page":"e023200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Association between maternal passive smoking and increased risk of delivering small-for-gestational-age infants at full-term using plasma cotinine levels from The Hokkaido Study: a prospective birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sumitaka","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiro","family":"Sata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Hanaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titilola Serifat","family":"Braimoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Kishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051713403319000_9.2.e023200.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2017.07.007","article-title":"Association of preterm birth and small for gestational age with metabolic outcomes in\u00a0children and adolescents: a population-based cohort study from Taiwan","volume":"59","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"2024051713403319000_9.2.e023200.2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association between small for gestational age and low birth weight with attention deficit and impaired executive functions in 3-6 years old children","volume":"3","author":"Shariat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2024051713403319000_9.2.e023200.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2016.08.007","article-title":"Behavioral outcomes of school-aged full-term small-for-gestational-age infants: A nationwide Japanese population-based study","volume":"39","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"2024051713403319000_9.2.e023200.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.09.002","article-title":"Catch-up growth and neurobehavioral development among full-term, small-for-gestational-age children: a nationwide japanese population-based study","volume":"192","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024051713403319000_9.2.e023200.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3288"},{"key":"2024051713403319000_9.2.e023200.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001152","article-title":"Cause-specific infant mortality in a population-based Swedish study of term and post-term births: the contribution of gestational age and birth weight","volume":"2","author":"Altman","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024051713403319000_9.2.e023200.7","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan. 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