{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:11:26Z","timestamp":1765883486223,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In daily clinical practice, smokers with asthma and with intermittent disease severity are frequently encountered. The effects of short-term smoking on lung function or disease presentation in younger patients with intermittent adult-onset asthma remain unclear. We sought to clarify the effects of short-term smoking (&lt;10 pack-years) on lung function and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in young patients with untreated intermittent adult-onset asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single primary\u2013tertiary medical centre in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From patients who underwent bronchodilator reversibility tests between January 2004 and March 2011 (n=7291), 262 consecutive patients (age, 20\u201334 years) with untreated intermittent adult-onset asthma, including 157 never smokers and 105 current smokers within 10 pack-years, were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was the association of the daily smoking frequency (number of cigarettes per day), smoking duration (years) and cumulative smoking history (pack-years) with postbronchodilator lung function. The secondary outcome was the association of the former three smoking parameters with AHR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The daily smoking frequency, smoking duration and cumulative smoking history were significantly associated with decreased postbronchodilator lung function. Daily smoking of \u226511 cigarettes per day was also associated with marked AHR (OR 2.23; 95%\u2009CI 1.03 to 4.80), even after adjustment for age, sex, disease duration and body mass index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-term active smoking in early adulthood may be associated with decreased lung function and AHR, even in patients with intermittent adult-onset asthma. Our findings suggest a benefit of never smoking, even for young patients with intermittent adult-onset asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T06:35:54Z","timestamp":1559716554000},"page":"e023450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of short-term smoking on lung function and airway hyper-responsiveness in young patients with untreated intermittent adult-onset asthma: retrospective cross-sectional study at a primary\u2013tertiary care hospital in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Watai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Course of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Sekiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuma","family":"Fukutomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Course of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Course of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00073312"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201502-0302OC"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00850-2016"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.06.017","article-title":"A 12-year prognosis of adult-onset asthma: Sein\u00e4joki Adult Asthma Study","volume":"117","author":"Tuomisto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201212-115OC","article-title":"Adult-onset asthma becomes the dominant phenotype among women by age 40 years. the longitudinal CARDIA study","volume":"10","author":"Sood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2678"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.10.041"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.01.027","article-title":"Cluster analysis on longitudinal data of patients with adult-onset asthma","volume":"5","author":"Ilmarinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.15.08.x"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.3.226"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1472"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200304-503OC"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.033688"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200511-1746OC"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2633"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.16","unstructured":"GINA Report. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2015 http:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/GINA_Report_2015_Aug11-1.pdf (Accessed 22 Nov 2017)."},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.1.225"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2001.t01-1-00001.x"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2108009"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1183\/09041950.053s1693","article-title":"Airway responsiveness. Standardized challenge testing with pharmacological, physical and sensitizing stimuli in adults. Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society","volume":"16","author":"Sterk","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Respir J Suppl"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.ats11-99"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.6.1297"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12738","article-title":"Severe or life-threatening asthma exacerbation: patient heterogeneity identified by cluster analysis","volume":"46","author":"Sekiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02383-2016"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.01844.x"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00073712"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.4.7921469"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513737"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2492OC"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.8.1307"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0067"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.09.008"},{"key":"2025121603081428000_9.6.e023450.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(05)80104-6"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023450","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:08:25Z","timestamp":1765883305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023450","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}}}