{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:48:22Z","timestamp":1765730902416,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Special Research Fund for Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent neurological disease, with an estimated 1.5\u2009billion cases worldwide. Pharmacotherapy should be considered by patients with TTH who have a limited response to non-pharmacological treatment. However, recommendations for the vast array of therapeutic drugs for TTH partially overlap, with conflicting recommendations for strength in different guidelines; these may confuse the decision-making process of clinicians. Hence, the aims of this study are to analyse the available direct and indirect evidence on different drug monotherapies for TTH in adults, and to generate a treatment ranking according to their efficacy and safety outcomes by using a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will systematically search the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and other resources for eligible studies. Randomised controlled trials on different drug monotherapies for TTH will be included. Two review authors (RX and YW) will independently search and select the studies, extract the data and assess the risk of bias. A Bayesian NMA will afterwards be conducted to pool the effect measures across all types of monotherapy drugs. The ranking probabilities of the efficacy and safety of different drug monotherapies will be estimated. Heterogeneity will be quantified using the Q statistic and the I\u00b2 index. Inconsistency between direct and indirect evidence will be assessed by the node-splitting model. In addition, the overall quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No ethical issues are foreseen. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, which will be disseminated electronically and in print.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42018090554.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T14:55:32Z","timestamp":1547564132000},"page":"e023748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and safety of different drug monotherapies for tension-type headache in adults: study protocol for a Bayesian network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Runsheng","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Engineering and Technology Research Center of Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Engineering and Technology Research Center of Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yefeng","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5750-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Engineering and Technology Research Center of Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121408445878000_9.1.e023748.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30299-5"},{"key":"2025121408445878000_9.1.e023748.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-010-0146-2"},{"key":"2025121408445878000_9.1.e023748.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13067","article-title":"Tension-type headache - the normal and most prevalent headache","volume":"58","author":"Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"2025121408445878000_9.1.e023748.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1995.015003165.x"},{"key":"2025121408445878000_9.1.e023748.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002560","article-title":"Practice guideline update summary: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, adult spasticity, and headache: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"86","author":"Simpson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025121408445878000_9.1.e023748.6","unstructured":"British Association for the Study of Headache (BASH). 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