{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T01:44:25Z","timestamp":1793929465350,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018380","name":"German Pension Insurance","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018380","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multidisciplinary, complex rehabilitation interventions are an important part of the treatment of chronic diseases. However, little is known about the effectiveness of routine rehabilitation interventions within the German healthcare system. Due to the nature of the social insurance system in Germany, randomised controlled trials examining the effects of rehabilitation interventions are challenging to implement and scarcely accessible. Consequently, alternative pre-post designs can be employed to assess pre-post effects of medical rehabilitation programmes. We present a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis methods to assess the pre-post effects of rehabilitation interventions in Germany.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The respective study will be conducted within the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. A systematic literature review will be conducted to identify studies reporting the pre-post effects (start of intervention vs end of intervention or later) in German healthcare. Studies investigating the following disease groups will be included: orthopaedics, rheumatology, oncology, pulmonology, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology and psychosomatics. The primary outcomes of interest are physical\/mental quality of life, physical functioning and social participation for all disease groups as well as pain (orthopaedic and rheumatologic patients only), blood pressure (cardiac patients only), asthma control (patients with asthma only), dyspnoea (patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease only) and depression\/anxiety (psychosomatic patients only). We will invite the principal investigators of the identified studies to provide additional individual patient data. We aim to perform the meta-analyses using individual patient data as well as aggregate data. We will examine the effects of both study-level and patient-level moderators by using a meta-regression method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only studies that have received institutional approval from an ethics committee and present anonymised individual patient data will be included in the meta-analysis. The results will be presented in a peer-reviewed publication and at research conferences. A declaration of no objection by the ethics committee of the University of W\u00fcrzburg is available (number 20180411 01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42018080316.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T11:05:19Z","timestamp":1559387119000},"page":"e023826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pre-post changes in main outcomes of medical rehabilitation in Germany: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant and aggregated data"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Schuler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Murauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Stangl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Podger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICON Plc, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter U","family":"Heuschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Heart Failure Center W\u00fcrzburg, Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Faller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121511433721000_9.5.e023826.1","unstructured":"WHO. 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