{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:43:41Z","timestamp":1790045021458,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi science and technology research and development program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterise the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in genital warts in Xi\u2019an, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study was conducted in Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Skin Disease and STD Control (SPISSC) between September 2014 and April 2017. Genital wart samples were obtained from 879 patients, including 512 men and 367 women. HPV genotyping was performed by using an automatic nucleic acid hybridisation system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 879 patients with genital warts, the detectable rates of low-risk, high-risk and total HPV types were 45.4%, 34.5% and 57.8%, respectively. The detectable rate of low-risk HPV types (45.4%) was significantly higher than that of high-risk HPV types (34.5%) (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=21.85, p&lt;0.01). The detectable rate of low-risk HPV types of men (52.3%) was significantly higher than that of women (35.7%) (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=23.90, p&lt;0.01). The detectable rates of one HPV type infection and two and three or more HPV type coinfections were 26.1%, 17.5% and 14.2%, respectively. HPV6 (24.9%), HPV11 (17.9%), HPV52 (9.9%) and HPV16 (7.3%) were the four most common HPV types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study suggest that low-risk HPV types are major pathogens of genital warts, but high-risk HPV type infections and multiple HPV type coinfections are also common in genital warts. HPV6, 11, 52 and 16 are the four most common HPV types in genital wart in Xi\u2019an, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T10:25:15Z","timestamp":1557915915000},"page":"e023897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Prevalence and distribution of HPV types in genital warts in Xi\u2019an, China: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Cansheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaofei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongshan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaju","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.07.015"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.2","first-page":"5","article-title":"An evidence-based review of medical and surgical treatments of genital warts","volume":"12","author":"Scheinfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.3","first-page":"41","article-title":"The distribution of Human papillomavirus infection and its relevance with cervical lesions in one district of Chongqing","volume":"16","author":"Adlaiti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Med Clin"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.4","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, 2012:90\u2013100."},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.8.2058-2063.1995","article-title":"Human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution and serological response to HPV type 6 virus-like particles in patients with genital warts","volume":"33","author":"Greer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021641"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405044"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.8","first-page":"2011","article-title":"The Cost-Effectiveness of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Indonesia","volume":"18","author":"Kosen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn510"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.07.113","article-title":"Progress in prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in 2016: A literature review","volume":"36","author":"Maver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.11","unstructured":"Wang Q , Yin Y , Gong X , et al . Diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum (genital warts), 2016. WS\/T 235-2016."},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.12","first-page":"S47","article-title":"Understanding genital warts: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and burden of disease of human papillomavirus","volume":"17","author":"Bhatia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2872"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2015.526","article-title":"Role of human papillomaviruses in carcinogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Ghittoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657321"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu587"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597071"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.11.001"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir652"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412474538"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23646","article-title":"Distribution of genital wart human papillomavirus genotypes in China: a multi-center study","volume":"85","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5675","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.14.5675","article-title":"The prevalence and genotype of human papillomavirus from patients with genital warts in Eastern Guangdong Province","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1181-8","article-title":"Human papillomavirus prevalence in South African women and men according to age and human immunodeficiency virus status","volume":"15","author":"Mbulawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.118","article-title":"Human papillomavirus prevalence and associated factors in women and men in south China: a population-based study","volume":"5","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.01.006"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.3.1755","article-title":"Low prevalence of HPV in male sexual partners of HR-HPV infected females and low concordance of viral types in couples in Eastern Guangdong","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.17120","article-title":"Cervical cancers manifest a high rate of infection by a high-risk human papilloma virus subtype but a very low rate of infection by a low-risk subtype in the guiyang district of China","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.4.759"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31829e9fb4"},{"key":"2024051714102068000_9.5.e023897.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.10.010"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023897","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T00:32:58Z","timestamp":1715992378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023897","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}}}