{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T19:23:33Z","timestamp":1786562613524,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007397","name":"Univerzita Karlova v Praze","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most people gain weight on stopping smoking but the extent of weight gain varies greatly. Interventions aimed at all quitters to prevent weight gain on cessation have proven unpopular but targeting people who have gained excess weight immediately after quitting may improve uptake and cost-effectiveness. We examined whether early large postcessation weight gain predicts overall large weight gain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Primary care setting\u2014smoking cessation centre in Prague, Czech Republic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Out of 3537 patients treated between 2005 and 2013, 1050 were continuous abstainers (verified by carbon monoxide measurement) at 1-year follow-up and formed the cohort of the current report. 48.7% were women (n=511) with the mean age of 46 (\u00b114.4) years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, all patients underwent usual tobacco dependence treatment using evidence-based methods. Weight was measured prior to smoking cessation and at each visit after quitting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean weight gain in the first month (n=763) was 0.79% (\u00b12.03%), in the second month (n=646) was 1.49% (\u00b12.58%), for the third month (n=566) 2.33% (\u00b13.44%) and 4.1% (\u00b15.31%) after 1-year follow-up (n=1050). The regression coefficient per 1% rise in the first 3\u2009months was +0.13% (95% CI \u22120.04% to 0.30%). A receiver operating curve analysis showed that patients gaining more than 0.98% of their baseline weight during first 3\u2009months had a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 44% for gaining 7% or more weight by 12 months. In addition, lower body mass index and an increase in appetite at 3\u2009months after quitting were associated with greater weight gain, while using nicotine replacement therapy was associated with less weight gain at 1-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People who stop smoking and gain a larger amount of weight early after quitting are not more likely to gain excessively at 1\u2009year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T04:27:41Z","timestamp":1545020861000},"page":"e023987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Pankova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tobacco-Dependent, 3rd Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Kralikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tobacco-Dependent, 3rd Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Zvolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tobacco-Dependent, 3rd Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Stepankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tobacco-Dependent, 3rd Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Blaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Ovesna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Aveyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.5.768"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Weight gain after smoking cessation","volume":"71","author":"Pistelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4439"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.10.010"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.5","first-page":"73","article-title":"[Smoking cessation and weight gain]","volume":"19","author":"Cairella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Ig"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.02.023"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132007000600016","article-title":"[Smoking and changes in body weight: can physiopathology and genetics explain this association?]","volume":"33","author":"Chatkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henningfield JE , London ED , Pogun S . Handbook of experimental pharmacology 192. Nicotine psychopharmacology. Preface. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2009:v\u2013viii.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69248-5"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2004.00131.x"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201889"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200701188927"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810250054007"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.043307"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1988.tb00685.x","article-title":"The effect of nicotine on the delay of gastric emptying","volume":"2","author":"Gritz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.1.50"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181be9a0f","article-title":"Effects of smoking cessation on gastric emptying in smokers","volume":"44","author":"Kadota","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059260","article-title":"Smoking cessation induces profound changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in humans","volume":"8","author":"Biedermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.1419","article-title":"Managing smoking cessation\u2011related weight gain","volume":"122","author":"Aveyard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pol Arch Med Wewn"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.1.73"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(98)00014-8"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.19.3.242"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03136.x"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.23","unstructured":"Fiore MC , Jaen CR , Baker TB , et al . Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update, clinical practice guideline.\u00a0executive summary. 2008 http:\/\/www.rcjournal.com\/contents\/09.08\/09.08.1217.pdf (Accessed 26 November 2017)."},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.24","first-page":"1S4","article-title":"[Tobacco dependence treatment guidelines]","volume":"61","author":"Kr\u00e1l\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vnitr Lek"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr137"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00995.x"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.29","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Health Topics.\u00a0Obesity. 2016 http:\/\/www. who.int\/topics\/obesity\/en\/ (Accessed 17 Apr 2017)."},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.31","first-page":"364","article-title":"Complaints related to smoking cessation","volume":"55","author":"Can","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tuberk Toraks"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490500528738","article-title":"Predictors of increased body mass index following cessation of smoking","volume":"15","author":"John","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.33","first-page":"406","article-title":"Assessment of eating behavior after smoking cessation","volume":"94","author":"Bacha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.34","article-title":"Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation","volume":"1","author":"Farley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410110101035"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-11-94","article-title":"Trial Protocol: randomised controlled trial of the effects of very low calorie diet, modest dietary restriction, and sequential behavioural programme on hunger, urges to smoke, abstinence and weight gain in overweight smokers stopping smoking","volume":"11","author":"Lycett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2025101814312301000_8.12.e023987.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-182","article-title":"Slimming World in Stop Smoking Services (SWISSS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Lycett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T21:31:31Z","timestamp":1760823091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023987","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}}}