{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T01:02:41Z","timestamp":1776128561114,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"CIHR Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019175","name":"Scleroderma Society of Ontario","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FRQS researcher salary award"},{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scleroderma Canada"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000142","name":"The Arthritis Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Cancer Control Education Program, National Cancer Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) is a 16-item measure that assesses social anxiety in situations where appearance is evaluated. The objective was to use optimal test assembly (OTA) methods to develop and validate a short-form SAAS based on objective and reproducible criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from adults enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults in the SPIN Cohort in the present study were enrolled at 28 centres in Canada, the USA and the UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SAAS was administered to 926 adults with scleroderma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Primary and secondary measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SAAS, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation II (BFNE II), Brief Satisfaction with Appearance Scale (Brief-SWAP), Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ8) and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale-6 (SIAS-6) were collected, as well as demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>OTA methods identified a maximally informative shortened version for each possible form length between 1 and 15 items. The final shortened version was selected based on prespecified criteria for reliability, concurrent validity and statistically equivalent convergent validity with the BFNE II scale. A five-item short version was selected (SAAS-5). The SAAS-5 had a Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 of 0.95 and had high concurrent validity with the full-length form (r=0.97). The correlation of the SAAS-5 with the BFNE II was 0.66, which was statistically equivalent to that of the full-length form. Furthermore, the correlation of the SAAS-5 with the two subscales of the Brief-SWAP, and the SIAS-6, were statistically equivalent to that of the full-length form.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>OTA was an efficient method for shortening the full-length SAAS to create the SAAS-5.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,23]],"date-time":"2019-02-23T10:15:10Z","timestamp":1550916910000},"page":"e024010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Shortening patient-reported outcome measures through optimal test assembly: application to the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale in the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Daphna","family":"Harel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah D","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Kwakkenbos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Eve","family":"Carrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Portales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan J","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa L","family":"Malcarne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5644-8432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett D","family":"Thombs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051714161935000_9.2.e024010.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000258615.42478.55"},{"key":"2024051714161935000_9.2.e024010.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00363-0"},{"key":"2024051714161935000_9.2.e024010.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.12.015"},{"key":"2024051714161935000_9.2.e024010.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15305058.2012.703734"},{"key":"2024051714161935000_9.2.e024010.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2002.tb00108.x"},{"key":"2024051714161935000_9.2.e024010.6","unstructured":"Clements PJ , Furst DE . 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