{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:04:54Z","timestamp":1780567494650,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"Danielsens Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After the death of a child during pregnancy, birth or in the neonatal period, parents often experience feelings of guilt, disenfranchisement, feelings of betrayal by one\u2019s own body and envy of others. Such bereavement results in high rates of distress: psychologically, emotionally, physiologically and existentially. These data are collected using a national, longitudinal cohort to assess grief in mothers and their partners after the death of a child during pregnancy, birth or in the neonatal period. Our aim is to achieve a general description of grief, emotional health, and existential values after pregnancy or perinatal death in a Danish population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort comprises mothers and their partners in Denmark who lost a child during pregnancy from gestational week 14, during birth or in the neonatal period (4 weeks post partum). We began data collection in 2015 and plan to continue until 2024. The aim is to include 5000 participants by 2024, generating the largest cohort in the field to date. Parents are invited to participate at the time of hospital discharge or via the Patient Associations homepage. Data are collected using web-based questionnaires distributed at 1\u20132, 7 and 13 months after the loss. Sociodemographic and obstetric variables are collected. Validated psychometric measures covering attachment, continuing bonds, post-traumatic stress, prolonged grief, perinatal grief and existential values were chosen to reach our aim.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was approved by The Danish National Data Protection Agency (no. 18\/15684, 7 October 2014). The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed and professional journals as well as in layman magazines, lectures and radio broadcasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]],"date-time":"2018-12-22T09:05:21Z","timestamp":1545469521000},"page":"e024278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Life after the loss: protocol for a Danish longitudinal follow-up study unfolding life and grief after the death of a child during pregnancy from gestational week 14, during birth or in the first 4 weeks of life"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dorte","family":"Hvidtj\u00f8rn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Research Unit for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Unit for Perinatal Loss, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Prinds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Research Unit for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Midwifery College, University College South Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"Bliddal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPEN Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine Brink","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Cacciatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.1","unstructured":"Kofod EH . Grief as a normative phenomenon. Culture and psychology. 2017:1\u201315."},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cacciatore J , Ruby C . Ruby, medicalizing grief: a response to Cheng and Shen. Prim care companion CNS disord. 2015;17.","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.15lr01913"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2013.820229"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.4","unstructured":"WHO. 6B72 Prolonged grief disorder. 2016."},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20348","article-title":"\u201cProlonged grief disorder\u201d and\u00a0\u201cpersistent complex bereavement disorder\u201d, but not\u00a0\u201ccomplicated grief\u201d, are one and the same diagnostic entity: an analysis of data from the Yale Bereavement Study","volume":"15","author":"Maciejewski","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.6","unstructured":"Politikken, Snart bliver sorg en diagnose. 2016."},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sw\/swt021"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000287","article-title":"Networks of loss: relationships among symptoms of prolonged grief following spousal and parental loss","volume":"126","author":"Maccallum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.9","first-page":"180","article-title":"Prolonged grief disorder: diagnostic, assessment, and treatment considerations professional psychology","volume":"45","author":"Litz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Research and Practice"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.01.030","article-title":"Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in adult bereavement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"212","author":"Lundorff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000183","article-title":"Grief, traumatic stress, and posttraumatic growth in women who have experienced pregnancy loss","volume":"9","author":"Krosch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0800-8"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1988.tb01604.x"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/8.6.363","article-title":"Death of a child: parental perception of grief intensity\u2014end-of-life and bereavement care","volume":"8","author":"Michon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.15","first-page":"158","article-title":"Mediating grief: postmortem ritualization after child death","volume":"17","author":"Flint","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Loss Trauma"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951509000133"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/OM.63.2.c"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000163679.87749.CA"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2016.1261204","article-title":"The loss of self: the effect of miscarriage, stillbirth, and child death on maternal self-esteem","volume":"41","author":"Wonch Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Death Stud"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2012.09.001"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1763"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2014.11.015","article-title":"Grief after second-trimester termination for fetal anomaly: a qualitative study","volume":"91","author":"Maguire","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.11.004"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61816-9"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2010.00601.x"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2011.02.002","article-title":"Later abortions and mental health: psychological experiences of women having later abortions\u2014a critical review of research","volume":"21","author":"Steinberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/646345","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder after termination of pregnancy and reproductive loss: a systematic review","volume":"2015","author":"Daugirdait\u0117","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5284","article-title":"Depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after perinatal loss in a population-based sample","volume":"25","author":"Gold","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222815572604","article-title":"A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on self-blame, guilt, and shame","volume":"71","author":"Duncan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000264548.10767.ea"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hvidtj\u00f8rn D , Wu C , Schendel D , et al . Mortality in mothers after perinatal loss: a population-based follow-up study. BJOG 2016;123.doi:10.1111\/1471-0528.13268","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13268"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.083105"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2008.00275.x"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oginska-Bulik N , Kobylarczyk M . The experience of trauma resulting from the loss of a child and posttraumatic growth\u2014the mediating role of coping strategies (loss of a child, PTG, and coping) : Omega (Westport), 2017:302.","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222817724699"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.35","first-page":"320","volume-title":"Tab og Sorg - en grundbog for proffesionelle","volume":"1","author":"Guldin","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1300\/J457v03n03_06","article-title":"Stillbirth: the mother\u2019s experience and implications for improving care","volume":"3","author":"Cacciatore","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167206297400"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3390\/children4110096","article-title":"Risk and resilience factors related to parental bereavement following the death of a child with a life-limiting condition","volume":"4","author":"Jaaniste","year":"2017","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.39","unstructured":"Bowlby J . Attachment (attachment & loss)\u2014volume one of the attachment and loss trilogy (v.1: attachment attachment) . Vintage, 1997."},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/074811899201046"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/074811897202056"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180590962659"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2012.712608"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.44","unstructured":"Janoff-Bulman R . Shattered assumptions. New York: The Free Pres, 1992:209."},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.45","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller RNM . Foetus Mortuus. 2015."},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-016-0300-1","article-title":"Faith moves mountains\u2014mountains move faith: two opposite epidemiological forces in research on religion and health","volume":"56","author":"Hvidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Relig Health"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0000000000000060","article-title":"Existential meaning among first-time full-term and preterm mothers: a questionnaire study","volume":"28","author":"Prinds","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0802-6","article-title":"Prayer and meditation among Danish first time mothers\u2014a questionnaire study","volume":"16","author":"Prinds","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022898"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191102009001005"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180125971"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180701356761"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180802705668"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000121","article-title":"Prolonged grief disorder: psychometric validation of criteria proposed for DSM-V and ICD-11","volume":"6","author":"Prigerson","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.57","unstructured":"Survey WV. World Values Survey. 2006."},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.58","unstructured":"Uvvu Uvvu . Vejledninger i God Videnskabelig Praksis med s\u00e6rlig fokus p\u00e5 sundhedsvidenskab. naturvidenskab og teknisk videnskab 2009."},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00205-3"},{"key":"2025121408374482000_8.12.e024278.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2010.038505"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:37:58Z","timestamp":1765730278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024278","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}}}