{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:37:03Z","timestamp":1787017023118,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","funder":[{"name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["81625002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81625002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YG2015ZD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2015ZD04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004921","name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YG2016MS45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2016MS45"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Program","award":["18XD1402400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18XD1402400"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission - Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support","award":["20152209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20152209"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission - Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support","award":["20172014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20172014"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pudong Health Development Center","award":["PW2018D-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PW2018D-03"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15411963600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15411963600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai ShenKang Hospital Development Center","award":["16CR3020A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16CR3020A"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai ShenKang Hospital Development Center","award":["16CR3034A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16CR3034A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81470389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81470389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81470391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81470391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The detection rate of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in general hospitals is unsatisfactory. Self-report questionnaires that assess both somatic symptoms and psychological characteristics will improve the process of screening for SSD. The Somatic Symptom Scale-China (SSS-CN) questionnaire has been developed to meet this urgent clinical demand. The aim of this research is to validate the self-reported SSS-CN as a timely and practical instrument that can be used to identify SSD and to assess the severity of this disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At least 852 patients without organic disease but presenting physical discomfort will be recruited at a general hospital. Each patient will undergo a\n                      <jats:italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition<\/jats:italic>\n                      (DSM-5)-guided physician diagnosis, including disease identification and severity assessment, as the reference standard. This research will compare the diagnostic performance of the SSS-CN for SSD, the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and other SSD-related questionnaires. Statistical tests to measure the area under the curve (AUC) and volume under the surface of the receiver operating curve will be used to assess the accuracy of the SSD identification and the severity assessment, respectively. In addition to this standard diagnostic study, we will conduct follow-up investigations to explore the effectiveness of the SSS-CN in monitoring treatment effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was obtained from the Renji Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, approval number 2\u2009015\u2009016. The findings of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03513185\">NCT03513185<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T19:05:42Z","timestamp":1569524742000},"page":"e024290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Identifying and measuring the severity of somatic symptom disorder using the Self-reported Somatic Symptom Scale-China (SSS-CN): a research protocol for a diagnostic study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03513185","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3180-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weituo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingxu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialiang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.903"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5. 5th edn. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12177","article-title":"Assessing somatic symptoms in clinical practice","volume":"174","author":"Barsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czx137","article-title":"Integrated mental health services in China: challenges and planning for the future","volume":"33","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(94)71774-6"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02603477","article-title":"The difficult patient: prevalence, psychopathology, and functional impairment","volume":"11","author":"Hahn","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2016.1161663"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013177014788"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12179","article-title":"The somatic symptom scale-8 (SSS-8): a brief measure of somatic symptom burden","volume":"174","author":"Gierk","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.11.006","article-title":"Assessing somatic symptom burden: a psychometric comparison of the patient health questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and the somatic symptom scale-8 (SSS-8)","volume":"78","author":"Gierk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2015.12.010","article-title":"Application of the Chinese version of the Whiteley Index-7 for detecting DSM-5 somatic symptom and related disorders","volume":"57","author":"Tu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000240"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.03.017","article-title":"The Somatic Symptom Disorder - B Criteria Scale (SSD-12): Factorial structure, validity and population-based norms","volume":"97","author":"Toussaint","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000530","article-title":"Screening for DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder: diagnostic accuracy of self-report measures within a population sample","volume":"79","author":"Laferton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.15","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency, Pre-authorisation evaluation of medicines for human use . Guideline on clinical evaluation of diagnostic agents. Available: http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Scientific_guideline\/2009\/09\/WC500003584.pdf"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.16","first-page":"847","article-title":"Developing of somatic self-rating scale and its reliability and validity","volume":"19","author":"Qi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1917"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705006367"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60660-7"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.21","first-page":"277","article-title":"Number and characteristics of medical professionals working in Chinese mental health facilities","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121510262639000_9.9.e024290.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T18:26:35Z","timestamp":1765823195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024290","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}}}