{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:47:34Z","timestamp":1782730054084,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence of cerebral stroke in the general population of Beijing and its association with systemic risk factors and ocular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The population-based Beijing Eye Study was conducted in a rural and urban region of Beijing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With eligibility criteria of age 50+ years\u2009and living in the study regions, 3468 subjects (78.8%) out of 4403 eligible individuals participated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study participants underwent a detailed systemic and ophthalmological examination and an interview in which the occurrence of a previous stroke was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A previous stroke was reported by 235 individuals (7.33%; 95% CI 6.43% to 8.24%). The prevalence of previous stroke increased from 2.0% (95% CI 0.9% to 3.1%) in the age group of 50 to &lt;55 years to 21.9% (95% CI 16.4% to 27.4%) in the age group of 80+ years. In multivariable regression analysis, a higher prevalence of previous stroke was correlated (Nagelkerke R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.20) with the systemic parameters of older age (p&lt;0.001; OR 1.06; 95%\u2009CI 1.04 to 1.08), male gender (p&lt;0.001; OR 0.54; 95%\u2009CI 0.40 to 0.74), lower quality of life score (p&lt;0.001; OR 1.39; 95%\u2009CI 1.25 to 1.55), higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (p&lt;0.001; OR 2.86; 95%\u2009CI 2.05 to 3.98), and cardiovascular disease (p&lt;0.001; OR 1.8554; 95%\u2009CI 1.34 to 2.56), and with the ocular parameter of higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (p&lt;0.001; OR 4.41; 95%\u2009CI 2.38 to 8.18) or alternatively, with higher stage of diabetic retinopathy (p&lt;0.001; OR 1.64; 95%\u2009CI 1.26 to 2.14).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this North Chinese population aged 50+ years, the prevalence of a previous stroke was 7.33% (95% CI 6.43% to 8.24%). After adjusting for systemic risk factors of older age, male gender and higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease, a higher prevalence of a previous stroke was significantly correlated with a higher prevalence and stage of diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of a previous stroke increased for each step of an increase in the stage of diabetic retinopathy with an OR of 1.64 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.14), and it increased by the presence of diabetic retinopathy with an OR of 4.41 (95% CI 2.38 to 8.18).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T02:30:24Z","timestamp":1599791424000},"page":"e024646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence, risk factors and associated ocular diseases of cerebral stroke: the population-based Beijing Eye Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ya Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Bin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2972-5227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jost B","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32130-X"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.3","first-page":"230","article-title":"Stroke panel experts group. atlas of the global burden of stroke (1990-2013): the GBD 2013 study","volume":"2015","author":"Feigin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000441085"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00551-6"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30073-4"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.03.009"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.05.031","article-title":"Fundus Tessellation: prevalence and associated factors: the Beijing eye study 2011","volume":"122","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00732-7"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.2.238"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6703101"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829bfde3"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139461","article-title":"Trends in incidence of stroke and transition of stroke subtypes in rural Tianjin China: a population-based study from 1992 to 2012","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.014897"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004056","article-title":"Rapid transitions in the epidemiology of stroke and its risk factors in China from 2002 to 2013","volume":"89","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000254547.91276.50"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.4.593"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001238"},{"key":"2026062608011469000_10.9.e024646.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000087149.42294.8C"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:18:33Z","timestamp":1782728313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024646","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}}}