{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T03:11:32Z","timestamp":1787973092377,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To calculate the incidence of hospitalisation due to acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), febrile seizures and encephalitis\/encephalopathy among influenza-positive patients in Japan, where point-of-care tests are routinely used to diagnose influenza.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study using routinely collected data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Japanese clinics and hospitals between 2012 and 2016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Japanese patients aged 0\u201374 years diagnosed with influenza by a rapid test in employment-related health insurance records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incidence of hospitalisation per 100\u2009000 influenza-positive episodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included over 16\u2009million influenza-positive episodes, 1.0% of whom were hospitalised. Of these, 3361 were acute respiratory failure, 27\u2009253 pneumonia, 18 ARDS, 2603 febrile seizure and 159 encephalitis\/encephalopathy. The percentage of hospitalisations by age was 2.96% of patients aged 0\u20131 years, 0.77% aged 2\u20135, 0.51% aged 6\u201312, 0.78% aged 13\u201318, 1.36% aged 19\u201344, 1.19% aged 45\u201364, and 2.21% aged 65\u201374. The incidence of hospitalisations from these five complications combined was highest in influenza-positive patients aged 0\u20131 years (943 per 100 000) compared with 307 in those aged 2\u20135 years and 271 in those aged 65\u201374 years. For pneumonia, the incidence was highest for influenza-positive patients aged 0\u20135 years and 65 years or more. There were statistically significant decreasing trends over the years in the incidence of all-cause hospitalisations, pneumonia and febrile seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Japanese administrative data revealed that 1.0% of influenza-positive patients aged under 75 years were hospitalised. Male patients had a higher incidence of pulmonary complications and febrile seizures. Children aged 0\u20135 years and adults aged 65\u201374 years were at high risk of being admitted to hospital for pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T09:35:17Z","timestamp":1547804117000},"page":"e024687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Incidence of hospitalisation for severe complications of influenza virus infection in Japanese patients between 2012 and 2016: a cross-sectional study using routinely collected administrative data"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7369-155X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yokomichi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5748-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mie","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Jonathan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiji","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuji","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zentaro","family":"Yamagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051714454557000_9.1.e024687.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6258"},{"key":"2024051714454557000_9.1.e024687.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.14.1667"},{"key":"2024051714454557000_9.1.e024687.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2"},{"key":"2024051714454557000_9.1.e024687.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.11.1333"},{"key":"2024051714454557000_9.1.e024687.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.11.054"},{"key":"2024051714454557000_9.1.e024687.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.06.008"},{"key":"2024051714454557000_9.1.e024687.7","unstructured":"Influenza Working Group of the Japan Pediatric Society. 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