{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T21:10:46Z","timestamp":1780089046124,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"UK-China Strategic Prosperity Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe help seeking behaviour from a medical doctor and antimicrobial use for common infections among rural residents of Anhui province, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional retrospective household survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>12 administrative villages from rural Anhui, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>2760 rural residents selected through cluster-randomised sampling using an interviewer administered questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between exposures (health insurance and antimicrobial-related knowledge), adjusted for confounders (sex, age and education), and help-seeking behaviour from a medical doctor and antimicrobial use following common infections, including acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), gastrointestinal tract infections (GTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total 2611 (94.6%) rural residents completed the questionnaire. Help seeking from a medical doctor was highest for ARTIs (59.4%) followed by GTIs (42.1%), and UTIs (27.8%). Around two-thirds (82.3% for ARTIs, 87.0% for GTIs and 66.0% for UTIs) of respondents sought help within 3 days following symptom onset and over three quarters (88% for ARTIs, 98% for GTIs and 77% for UTIs) reported complete recovery within 7 days. Of the help-seeking respondents, 94.5% with ARTI symptoms recalled being prescribed either oral or intravenous antimicrobials (GTIs 81.7% and UTIs 70.4%). Use of antimicrobials bought from medicine shops without prescriptions ranged from 8.8% for GTIs to 17.2% for ARTIs; while use of antimicrobials leftover from previous illnesses or given by a relative ranged from 7.6% for UTIs to 13.4% for ARTIs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents with a higher antimicrobial-related knowledge score and lack of insurance were associated with lower levels of help-seeking for ARTIs; while respondents with a higher antimicrobial-related knowledge score were less likely to be prescribed either oral or intravenous antimicrobials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excessive antimicrobial use in the studied primary care settings is still prevalent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T20:55:27Z","timestamp":1555016127000},"page":"e024856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Cross-sectional study of the use of antimicrobials following common infections by rural residents in Anhui, China"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3770-2279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Coope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Kessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9708-9659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DeBin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051714515859000_9.4.e024856.1","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill J . 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