{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T23:17:57Z","timestamp":1765840677045,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a potentially devastating condition caused by compression of the cauda equina nerve roots. This can result in bowel, bladder and sexual dysfunction plus lower limb weakness, numbness and pain. CES occurs infrequently, but has serious potential morbidity and medicolegal consequences. This study aims to identify and describe the presentation and management of patients with CES in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding Cauda Equina Syndrome (UCES) is a prospective and collaborative multicentre cohort study of adult patients with confirmed CES managed at specialist spinal centres in the UK. Participants will be identified using neurosurgical and orthopaedic trainee networks to screen referrals to spinal centres. Details of presentation, investigations, management and service usage will be recorded. Both patient-reported and clinician-reported outcome measures will be assessed for 1\u2009year after surgery. This will establish the incidence of CES, current investigation and management practices, and adherence to national standards of care. Outcomes will be stratified by clinical presentation and patient management. Accurate and up to date information about the presentation, management and outcome of patients with CES will inform standards of service design and delivery for this important but infrequent condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UCES received a favourable ethical opinion from the South East Scotland Research Ethics Committee 02 (Reference: 18\/SS\/0047; IRAS ID: 233515). All spinal centres managing patients with CES in the UK will be encouraged to participate in UCES. Study results will be published in medical journals and shared with local participating sites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN16828522\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial pre-results\">ISRCTN16828522<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Pre-results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T12:51:39Z","timestamp":1544791899000},"page":"e025230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Understanding cauda equina syndrome: protocol for a UK multicentre prospective observational cohort 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University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Savva","family":"Pronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisaharan","family":"Srikandarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South West Neurosurgery Centre, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, 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