{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T21:13:22Z","timestamp":1782422002621,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001350","name":"Ministry of Health, Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Singapore Millennium Foundation of the Temasek Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the social support network type and its associations with depression and dementia among older adults in Singapore.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly study. The Practitioner Assessment of Network Type was used to identify five social support network types. Odds Ratios (OR) of dementia and depression were estimated with logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression, respectively, adjusted for sociodemographic variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Singapore.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>10\/66 criteria and Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy computer algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2421 older adults aged 60\u2009years and above, and their informants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Logistic regression revealed that as compared with participants in the family dependent social support network type, those in the locally integrated social support network type were negatively associated with dementia. It was observed that it is the older adults\u2019 perception of the quality of social interaction that influences the likelihood of depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The social support network typology presents knowledge about the older adults\u2019 social network profile and their cognitive functioning-ability which would help stakeholders better identify older adults who might be at risk of cognitive decline or experiencing delay in diagnosis of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T11:05:27Z","timestamp":1559387127000},"page":"e025303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Social support network typologies and their association with dementia and depression among older adults in Singapore: a cross-sectional analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ying Wen","family":"Lau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janhavi Ajit","family":"Vaingankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edimansyah","family":"Abdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleha","family":"Shafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anitha","family":"Jeyagurunathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Magadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Ling","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siow Ann","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mythily","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.1","unstructured":"United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population Ageing. 2013. Accessed July 10, 2017 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/publications\/ageing\/WorldPopulationAgeingReport2013.shtml"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.2","unstructured":"Department of Statistics, Singapore. Population Trends. 2016 http:\/\/www.singstat.gov.sg\/docs\/default-source\/default-document-library\/publications\/publications_and_papers\/population_and_population_structure\/population2016.pdf (Accessed July 10, 2017)."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.3","unstructured":"Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports. Baby-Boomers Survey. 2009 http:\/\/www.nas.gov.sg\/archivesonline\/data\/pdfdoc\/20090116004\/baby_boomer_survey_7jan09.pdf (Accessed December 18, 2018)."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2012.684664","article-title":"Health status and well-being of older adults living in the community and in residential care settings: are differences influenced by age?","volume":"16","author":"Rodriguez-Blazquez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0894-2","article-title":"Health status and quality of life: results from a national survey in a community-dwelling sample of elderly people","volume":"24","author":"Luthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.6","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Fact Sheet Dementia. 2016 http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs362\/en\/ (accessed 10 Jul 2017)."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.06.002"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.8","first-page":"234","article-title":"Association between depressive symptoms and twelve-year mortality among elderly in a rural community in Taiwan","volume":"102","author":"Fu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50411.x"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.9.2.113"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.11","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Fact Sheet: Mental health and older adults. 2016 http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs381\/en\/ (accessed 10 Jul 2017)."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.12","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International, World Alzheimer Report. The global impact of dementia \u2013 an analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost & trends. 2015. Available at https:\/\/www.alz.co.uk\/research\/WorldAlzheimerReport2015.pdf (accessed 10 Jul 2017)."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142769","article-title":"Prevalence of Dementia in People Aged 60 Years and Above: Results from the WiSE Study","volume":"45","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V45N4p123","article-title":"Prevalence of Depression among Older Adults-Results from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly Study","volume":"45","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-3743.2008.00135.x","article-title":"Support networks of older people living in the community","volume":"3","author":"Drennan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nurs"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-240X(199904)22:2<169::AID-NUR8>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Mediation effect of social support between ethnic attachment and loneliness in older Korean immigrants","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.17","unstructured":"Wenger GC . Support Networks of Older People: A Guide for Practitioners. Bangor: CSPRD, University of Wales, 1994."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.18","unstructured":"Wenger GC , Keating N . Care network outcomes for the oldest old. CSPRD, Institute of Medical and Social Care Research. \u00a0Bangor, UK: University of Wales, 2002."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2014.925850"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2574"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00767-7"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-013-0288-9","article-title":"Structural and Cognitive Aspects of Social Capital and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies","volume":"116","author":"Nyqvist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/45.5.601"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/48.5.S261"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/47.4.S183"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00370-0"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2003.08.003"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2011.01.008","article-title":"Protective effects of social networks on disability among older adults in Spain","volume":"54","author":"Escobar-Bravo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.29","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. The Second Fifty Years: Promoting Health and Preventing Disability. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1992. Available at. https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/1578\/chapter\/1 (accessed 12 Jul 2017)."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264305280993"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000147473.04043.B3"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X02008954"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/61.1.P25"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.10.061","article-title":"Social network typologies and mortality risk among older people in China, India, and Latin America: A 10\/66 Dementia Research Group population-based cohort study","volume":"147","author":"Santini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-4065(91)90003-B"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0966-0410.2001.00339.x"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-165","article-title":"The protocols for the 10\/66 dementia research group population-based research programme","volume":"7","author":"Prince","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12772-9"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700057779"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.40","first-page":"1","article-title":"The development of a dementia screening interview in two distinct languages","volume":"3","author":"Hall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610296002852"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.42","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHODAS Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. 2001 http:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icf\/more_whodas\/en\/"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.87.3.354"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.44","unstructured":"Kaplan D. V , Berkman BJ . Effects of Life Transitions on the Elderly. New Jersey: Merck, 2016. https:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/en-ca\/professional\/geriatrics\/social-issues-in-the-elderly\/effects-of-life-transitions-on-the-elderly (accessed 20 Dec 2018)."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnt006"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.46","unstructured":"Civil Service College. Ethos. 2006 https:\/\/www.cscollege.gov.sg\/Knowledge\/Ethos\/Lists\/issues\/Attachments\/10\/ETHOS%20IS01.pdf (accessed 18 Jul 2017)."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.47","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. Action plan for successful ageing. 2016 https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/content\/moh_web\/successfulageing.html (accessed 18 Jul 2017)."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.48","unstructured":"Ministry of Finance. Budget in Brief; Budget. 2018 https:\/\/www.singaporebudget.gov.sg\/data\/budget_2018\/download\/FY2018_Budget_in_Brief_ENG.pdf (accessed 31 Dec 2018)."},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959259800004780","article-title":"Social networks and gerontology","volume":"6","author":"Wenger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607869757001"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02113-9"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teo P , Mehta K , Thang LL , et al . Ageing in Singapore: Service needs and the state. London: Routledge, 2006.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203966921"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijge.2016.03.006","article-title":"Association between a Change in Social Interaction and Dementia among Elderly People","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Gerontol"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10823-015-9272-y","article-title":"Depression and Psychosocial Risk Factors among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Singapore","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cross Cult Gerontol"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830040039008"},{"key":"2025120518483642000_9.5.e025303.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.142.2.111"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T02:48:46Z","timestamp":1764989326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025303","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}}}