{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:52:48Z","timestamp":1780512768853,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011909","name":"Australasian Foundation for Plastic Surgery","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011371","name":"Royal Australasian College of Surgeons","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011371","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are instruments used to measure outcomes and experiences of healthcare from the patient perspective. The specific methodology used to develop a PROM should be communicated to establish the quality of the instrument. This mixed methods protocol describes the development of a cross-cultural, internationally applicable PROM for hand conditions, the HAND-Q.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The multiphase approach used for this study has been previously used with the development of other PROMs by our team (eg, BODY-Q, BREAST-Q, CLEFT-Q, FACE-Q). In Phase I, we establish what important concepts matter to patients with hand conditions. A conceptual framework is developed from a systematic review of existing PROMs in the field and an extensive international qualitative study. Interpretive description is the qualitative approach used. Item generation is based on the qualitative data. The preliminary scales will be created for each theme identified in the conceptual framework. These scales will be refined by cognitive debriefing interviews with participants and expert input. Phase II involves a large international sample of patients with varied hand conditions completing the field-test version of the HAND-Q. The scales will be refined using the modern psychometric approach of Rasch Measurement Theory. Analysis will result in a shortened set of clinically meaningful and scientifically robust HAND-Q scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is coordinated at Flinders University (Adelaide, Australia) where it has ethics board approval for phase I and phase II. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at local, national and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T05:38:13Z","timestamp":1553146693000},"page":"e025822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["International multiphase mixed methods study protocol to develop a cross-cultural patient-reported outcome and experience measure for hand conditions (HAND-Q)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kyra","family":"Sierakowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola R","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L","family":"Pusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan J","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modus Outcomes, Letchworth Garden City, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip A","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory I","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Klassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Lalonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409052292000_9.3.e025822.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1011024"},{"key":"2025121409052292000_9.3.e025822.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076813489679"},{"key":"2025121409052292000_9.3.e025822.3","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration. 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