{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:30:46Z","timestamp":1792089046223,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of this study were to examine the pattern of changes over time in health status (HS) and quality of life (QoL) in the first year after hip fracture and to quantify the association between frailty at the onset of hip fracture and the change in HS and QoL 1\u2009year later. The major hypothesis was that frailty, a clinical state of increased vulnerability, is a good predictor of QoL in patients recovering from hip fracture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, observational, follow-up cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary care. Ten participating centres in Brabant, the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1091 patients entered the study and 696 patients completed the study. Patients with a hip fracture aged 65 years and older or proxy respondents for patients with cognitive impairment were included in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcomes were HS (EuroQol-5 Dimensions questionnaire) and capability well-being (ICEpop CAPability measure for Older people). Prefracture frailty was defined with the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), with GFI \u22654 indicating frailty. Participants were followed up at 1\u2009month, 3\u2009months, 6\u2009months and 1\u2009year after hospital admission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 371 patients (53.3%) were considered frail. Frailty was negatively associated with HS (\u03b2 \u22120.333; 95%\u2009CI \u22120.366 to \u22120.299), self-rated health (\u03b2 \u221221.9; 95%\u2009CI \u221224.2 to \u221219.6) and capability well-being (\u03b2 \u22120.296; 95%\u2009CI \u22120.322 to \u22120.270) in elderly patients 1\u2009year after hip fracture. After adjusting for confounders, including death, prefracture HS, age, prefracture residential status, prefracture mobility, American Society of Anesthesiologists grading and dementia, associations were weakened but remained significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We revealed that frailty is negatively associated with QoL 1\u2009year after hip fracture, even after adjusting for confounders. This finding suggests that early identification of prefracture frailty in patients with a hip fracture is important for prognostic counselling, care planning and the tailoring of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"NCT02508675\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\">NCT02508675<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T06:26:03Z","timestamp":1563517563000},"page":"e025941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Effect of frailty on quality of life in elderly patients after hip fracture: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02508675","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7229-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelis L P","family":"van de Ree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma TopCare, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maud J F","family":"Landers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma TopCare, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nena","family":"Kruithof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma TopCare, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"de Munter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma TopCare, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris P J","family":"Slaets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taco","family":"Gosens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma TopCare, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariska A C","family":"de Jongh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma TopCare, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Brabant Trauma Registry, Network Emergency Care Brabant, Tilburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1627-0"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.05.017"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6914.1248"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hip fracture epidemiological trends, outcomes, and risk factors, 1970-2009","volume":"3","author":"Marks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)90023-1"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.04.018","article-title":"Quality of life after hip fracture in the elderly: A systematic literature review","volume":"47","author":"Peeters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.7","unstructured":"De Vries J . Quality of life assessment. Assessment in behavioral medicine 2001:353\u201370."},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.08.023"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.09.006","article-title":"Comparing measurement properties of the EQ-5D-3L, ICECAP-O, and ASCOT in frail older adults","volume":"18","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.33.2000250"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2010.08.009"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0329-8","article-title":"Frailty and post-operative outcomes in older surgical patients: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2016-042032"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.16","first-page":"236","article-title":"Measuring frailty: Development and testing of the groningen frailty indicator (GFI)","volume":"41","author":"Steverink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.04.007"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1124"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.05.015"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-57","article-title":"A validation of the ICECAP-O in a population of post-hospitalized older people in the Netherlands","volume":"11","author":"Makai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0407-4","article-title":"Measuring and valuing quality of life for public health research: application of the ICECAP-O capability index in the Australian general population","volume":"58","author":"Couzner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-008-9372-z"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9997-1"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Buuren S . Flexible imputation of missing data. CRC press 2012.","DOI":"10.1201\/b11826"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.71.BJR-2017-0199"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twisk JW . Applied longitudinal data analysis for epidemiology: A practical guide. Cambridge University Press 2013.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139342834"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458515591170"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3334-7","article-title":"Association of a Modified Frailty Index With Mortality After Femoral Neck Fracture in Patients Aged 60 Years and Older","volume":"472","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ortho Rel Res"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.02.087","article-title":"Impact of frailty on outcomes in geriatric femoral neck fracture management: An analysis of national surgical quality improvement program dataset","volume":"28","author":"Dayama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B3.35738"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3088-z"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1748-5","article-title":"Quality of life after hip, vertebral, and distal forearm fragility fractures measured using the EQ-5D-3L, EQ-VAS, and time-trade-off: results from the ICUROS","volume":"27","author":"Svedbom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-7713-0"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002974","article-title":"Trajectories of depressive symptoms after hip fracture","volume":"46","author":"Cristancho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-017-0826-2","article-title":"Complications after hip fracture surgery: are they preventable?","volume":"44","author":"Flikweert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2025121401085483000_9.7.e025941.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182464503","article-title":"Level of agreement between patient and proxy responses to the EQ-5D health questionnaire 12 months after injury","volume":"72","author":"Gabbe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025941","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T09:09:05Z","timestamp":1765703345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025941","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}}}