{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:39:16Z","timestamp":1787017156199,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","funder":[{"name":"Research Section of Society of Critical Care Medicine 47th Annual Congress","award":["Aditya Badheka, MD, MS was the recipient of a Trav"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Aditya Badheka, MD, MS was the recipient of a Trav"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are an integral part of caring for hospitalised children. We sought to estimate the incidence of and identify the risk factors for complications associated with PICCs in an advanced registered nurse practitioners (ARNP)-driven programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single-centre, large quaternary children's hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospitalised children who had PICC inserted from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurement and main results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2558 PICCs were placed during the study period. Mean age at PICC insertion was 8.7 years, mean dwell time was 17.7 days. The majority of PICCs (97.8%) were placed by ARNP. Most were placed in a single attempt (79.6%). Mean PICC residual external length outside was 2.1\u00b12.7\u2009cm. The rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), thrombosis and significant bleeding were 1.9%, 1% and 0.2%, respectively. The CLABSI rate in infants and early childhood was higher than those aged \u22655 years (2.8%, 3.1%, respectively vs 1.3%). In a multivariate analysis after adjustment of confounding effects of race and gender, infants (OR= 2.24, CI=1.14 to 4.39, p=0.02) and early childhood cohort (OR=2.37, CI=1.12 to 5.01, p=0.02) were associated with significantly higher odds of developing CLABSI compared with \u22655 years old. In the early childhood cohort, PICCs with longer residual external catheter length (OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.07 to 1.57, p=0.008) and those placed in the operating room (OR=5.49, 95% CI=1.03 to 29.19, p=0.04), were associated with significantly greater risk of developing CLABSI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of PICCs were successfully placed by ARNPs on the first attempt and had a low incidence of complications. Infants required more attempts for successful PICC placement than older children. The presence of residual external catheter length and placement in the operating room were independent predictors of CLABSI in younger children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T04:55:14Z","timestamp":1566536114000},"page":"e026031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Outcomes associated with peripherally inserted central catheters in hospitalised children: a retrospective 7-year single-centre experience"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9599-0996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya","family":"Badheka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Lowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi","family":"Bloxham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Lowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Lowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Freyenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Lowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Sciences, University of Iowa Henry B Tippie College of Business, Iowa City, Lowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankeerth","family":"Rampa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Administration, Rhode Island College, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Turi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerasathpurush","family":"Allareddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Auslender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Lowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerajalandhar","family":"Allareddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Lowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121410375076000_9.8.e026031.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir145"},{"key":"2025121410375076000_9.8.e026031.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jva.5000039"},{"key":"2025121410375076000_9.8.e026031.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2418-7","article-title":"Risk factors associated with peripherally inserted central venous catheter-related large vein thrombosis in neurological intensive care patients","volume":"38","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2025121410375076000_9.8.e026031.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.775","article-title":"Risk factors for peripherally inserted central venous catheter complications in children","volume":"167","author":"Jumani","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121410375076000_9.8.e026031.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061115"},{"key":"2025121410375076000_9.8.e026031.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1382"},{"key":"2025121410375076000_9.8.e026031.7","unstructured":"Prevention CoDCa, 2016. 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