{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:28:28Z","timestamp":1777433308711,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PB-PG-0211-24122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PB-PG-0211-24122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Problem-solving skills training is adaptable, inexpensive and simple to deliver. However, its application with prisoners who self-harm is unknown. The study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a problem-solving training (PST) intervention for prison staff and prisoners who self-harm, to inform the design of a large-scale study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed-methods design used routinely collected data, individual outcome measures, an economic protocol and qualitative interviews at four prisons in Yorkshire and Humber, UK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(i) Front-line prison staff, (ii) male and female prisoners with an episode of self-harm in the previous 2 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention comprised a 1 hour staff training session and a 30 min prisoner session using adapted workbooks and case studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the study processes\u2014coverage of training; recruitment and retention rates and adequacy of intervention delivery\u2014and available data (completeness of outcome data, integrity of routinely collected data and access to the National Health Service (NHS) resource information). Prisoner outcomes assessed incidence of self-harm, quality of life and depression at baseline and at follow-up. Qualitative findings are presented elsewhere.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recruitment was higher than anticipated for staff n=280, but lower for prisoners, n=48. Retention was good with 43\/48 (89%) prisoners completing the intervention, at follow-up we collected individual outcome data for 34\/48 (71%) of prisoners. Access to routinely collected data was inconsistent. Prisoners were frequent users of NHS healthcare. The additional cost of training and intervention delivery was deemed minimal in comparison to \u2018treatment as usual\u2019. Outcome measures of self-harm, quality of life and depression were found to be acceptable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention proved feasible to adapt. Staff training was delivered but on the whole it was not deemed feasible for staff to deliver the intervention. A large-scale study is warranted, but modifications to the implementation of the intervention are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T07:29:12Z","timestamp":1570174152000},"page":"e026095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Problem-solving training: assessing the feasibility and acceptability of delivering and evaluating a problem-solving training model for front-line prison staff and prisoners who self-harm"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0279-1884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Perry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences, Unviersity of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell Glenn","family":"Waterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8721-8026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Psychiatry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Wright-Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Greenhalgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Farrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerry","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann Kathryn","family":"Hopton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences, Unviersity of York, York, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Community Health CIC, Wakefield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01183128"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1994.tb00817.x","article-title":"Interpersonal problem-solving skills training in the treatment of self-poisoning patients","volume":"24","author":"McLeavey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.31.4.386.22041"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.4","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Problem management plus (PM+): individual psychological help for adults impaired by distress in communities exposed to adversity. (Generic field-trial version 1.1). Geneva WHO; 2016."},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0602-y","article-title":"Problem management plus (PM+) for common mental disorders in a humanitarian setting in Pakistan; study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT)","volume":"15","author":"Sijbrandij","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700025988"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perry A , Waterman M , House A . Problem-solving training for suicidal prisoners. In: Pratt D , ed. The prevention of suicide in prison: cognitive behavioural approaches. UK: Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015: 69\u201383.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315857107-5"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.8","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for self-harming adults","volume":"5","author":"Hawton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Db Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2017.1301529","article-title":"The WORSHIP II study: a pilot of psychodynamic interpersonal therapy with women offenders who self-harm","volume":"28","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Forens Psychiatry Psychol"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291715001348"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.11","unstructured":"Perry AE , Waterman MG , House AO , et al . A qualitative examination of problem solving skills in prison: the implementation of training and intervention delivery with frontline prison staff and prisoners who self-harm. In: Health and justice, special edition in suicide and self-harm, 2019."},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-163","article-title":"MIDSHIPS: multicentre intervention designed for self-harm using interpersonal problem-solving: protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study","volume":"15","author":"Collinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179800765X"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031360"},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.16","unstructured":"National Offender Management Service, UK Ministry of Justice . Management of prisoners at risk of harm to self, to others and from others (safer custody), P.S.I. 2011-64, editor, 2013. Available: http:\/\/www.justice.gov.uk\/off enders\/psis\/prison-serviceinstructions- 2011 [Accessed 11 Nov 2013]."},{"key":"2025121407134617000_9.10.e026095.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gusi N , Olivares PR , Rajendram R . The EQ-5D health-related quality of life questionnaire. In: Preedy VR , Watson RR , eds. Handbook of disease burdens and quality of life measures. 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Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015: 893\u2013910.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118381953.ch64"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T15:13:55Z","timestamp":1765725235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026095","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}}}