{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T08:27:08Z","timestamp":1768033628569,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/K023209\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/K023209\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between high maternal weight status and complications during pregnancy and delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scotland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 132\u2009899 first-time singleton deliveries in Scotland between 2008 and 2015 were used. Women with overweight and obesity were compared with women with normal weight. Associations between maternal body mass index and complications during pregnancy and delivery were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, placenta praevia, placental abruption, induction of labour, elective and emergency caesarean sections, pre-term delivery, post-term delivery, low Apgar score, small for gestational age and large for gestational age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the multivariable models controlling for potential confounders, we found that, compared with women with normal weight, the odds of the following outcomes were significantly increased for women with overweight and obesity (overweight adjusted ORs; 95% CI, followed by the same for women with obesity): gestational hypertension (1.61; 1.49 to 1.74), (2.48; 2.30 to 2.68); gestational diabetes (2.14; 1.86 to 2.46), (8.25; 7.33 to 9.30); pre-eclampsia (1.46; 1.32 to 1.63) (2.07; 1.87 to 2.29); labour induction (1.28; 1.23 to 1.33), (1.69; 1.62 to 1.76) and emergency caesarean section (1.82; 1.74 to 1.91), (3.14; 3.00 to 3.29).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with overweight and obesity in Scotland are at greater odds of adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes. The odds of these conditions increases with increasing body mass index. Health professionals should be empowered and trained to deliver promising dietary and lifestyle interventions to women at risk of overweight and obesity prior to conception, and control excessive weight gain in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T04:35:46Z","timestamp":1582259746000},"page":"e026168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cohort study of high maternal body mass index and the risk of adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes in Scotland"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-5050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence","family":"Doi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Doorway 6, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2175-8836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew James","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for Environmental and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6093-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Marryat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farr Institute at Scotland, Nine, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Kennedy Tower, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farr Institute at Scotland, Nine, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 9 Little France Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK"},{"name":"Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Doorway 1, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02125-7"},{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4103\/2347-9906.141140","article-title":"Association between high maternal body mass index and feto-maternal outcome","volume":"1","author":"Kumari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Obes Metab Res"},{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00537.x"},{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12293","article-title":"Maternal body mass index and risk of birth and maternal health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Rahman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30107-3","article-title":"Influence of maternal obesity on the long-term health of offspring","volume":"5","author":"Godfrey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008357","article-title":"Obesity in pregnancy: infant health service utilisation and costs on the NHS","volume":"5","author":"Morgan","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3752-z","article-title":"How has child growth around adiposity rebound altered in Scotland since 1990 and what are the risk factors for weight gain using the growing up in Scotland birth cohort 1?","volume":"16","author":"Doi","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12443"},{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.074294"},{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000107291.46159.00"},{"key":"2025121600355197000_10.2.e026168.11","unstructured":"Information Service Division . 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