{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T22:32:36Z","timestamp":1765837956955,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"Academy of Medical Sciences and the Wellcome Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal overweight and obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of large-for-gestational age (LGA) birth and childhood obesity. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal weight change between subsequent pregnancies and risk of having a LGA birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-based cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Routinely collected antenatal healthcare data between January 2003 and September 2017 at University Hospital Southampton, England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health records of women with their first two consecutive singleton live-birth pregnancies were analysed (n=15\u2009940).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk of LGA, recurrent LGA and new LGA births in the second pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 15\u2009940 women, 16.0% lost and 47.7% gained weight (\u22651\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) between pregnancies. A lower proportion of babies born to women who lost \u22651\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (12.4%) and remained weight stable between \u22121 and 1\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (11.9%) between pregnancies were LGA compared with 13.5% and 15.9% in women who gained 1\u20133 and \u22653\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively. The highest proportion was in obese women who gained \u22653\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (21.2%). Overweight women had a reduced risk of recurrent LGA in the second pregnancy if they lost \u22651\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 0.69, 95%\u2009CI 0.48 to 0.97) whereas overweight women who gained \u22653\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      were at increased risk of new LGA after having a non-LGA birth in their first pregnancy (aRR 1.35, 95%\u2009CI 1.05 to 1.75). Normal-weight women who gained weight were also at increased risk of new LGA in the second pregnancy (aRR 1.26, 95%\u2009CI 1.06 to 1.50 with gain of 1\u20133\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and aRR 1.34, 95%\u2009CI 1.09 to 1.65 with gain of \u22653\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Losing weight after an LGA birth was associated with a reduced LGA risk in the next pregnancy in overweight women, while interpregnancy weight gain was associated with an increased new LGA risk. Preventing weight gain between pregnancies is an important measure to achieve better maternal and offspring outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T12:24:49Z","timestamp":1562675089000},"page":"e026220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Is maternal weight gain between pregnancies associated with risk of large-for-gestational age birth? Analysis of a UK population-based cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8964-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nida","family":"Ziauddeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Wilding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J","family":"Roderick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas S","family":"Macklon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Copenhagen, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark"},{"name":"London Women\u2019s Clinic, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4134-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisreen A","family":"Alwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.250"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2012.03.010","article-title":"Maternal obesity, gestational weight gain and diet as determinants of offspring long term health","volume":"26","author":"Poston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6998.171"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.128029"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000141442.59573.cd"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38470.670903.E0"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802756"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.12.3246"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.6.1310"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801125"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00542-5"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2007.03.002"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12340","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in southern Sweden, 2003-2012","volume":"93","author":"Ignell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0756-2"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.121780"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12288"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.088567"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349609033354"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2272(1997)14:4<423::AID-GEPI7>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12099"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.12.036","article-title":"Changes in prepregnancy body mass index between the first and second pregnancies and risk of large-for-gestational-age birth","volume":"196","author":"Getahun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.12.018","article-title":"The impact of interpregnancy weight change on birthweight in obese women","volume":"208","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69473-7"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-40","article-title":"Inter-pregnancy weight change impacts placental weight and is associated with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the second pregnancy","volume":"14","author":"Wallace","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.07.487","article-title":"Impact of inter-pregnancy BMI change on perinatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"205","author":"McBain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154812","article-title":"Inter-Pregnancy Weight Change and the Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Complications","volume":"11","author":"Wallace","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.27","unstructured":"National Institute for Health Care and Excellence. Antenatal care for uncomplicated pregnancies. Manchester, UK, 2008."},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norris T , Seaton SE , Manktelow BN , et al . Updated birth weight centiles for England and Wales. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2018;103.doi:10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313452","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313452"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.29","unstructured":"National Health Service. Gestational Diabetes. https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/gestational-diabetes\/ (accessed 26\/11\/2018)."},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.30","unstructured":"StataCorp LLC. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. College Station, TX: StataCorp\u00a0LLC, 2017."},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0900900201","article-title":"Methods for estimating adjusted risk ratios","volume":"9","author":"Cummings","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.146"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45595-0","article-title":"The duration of the interpregnancy interval in multiparous women and maternal weight gain between pregnancies: findings from a UK population-based cohort","volume":"9","author":"Ziauddeen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.34","article-title":"LB5 Is the duration of the preceding inter-pregnancy interval associated with offspring\u2019s size at birth? \u2013 analysis of a UK population-based cohort","volume":"72","author":"Ziauddeen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30312-X","article-title":"Origins of lifetime health around the time of conception: causes and consequences","volume":"391","author":"Fleming","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30313-1","article-title":"Intervention strategies to improve nutrition and health behaviours before conception","volume":"391","author":"Barker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30311-8"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0812-4","article-title":"Maternal dietary intake and physical activity habits during the postpartum period: associations with clinician advice in a sample of Australian first time mothers","volume":"16","author":"van der Pligt","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12053"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2009.06.009"},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.41","unstructured":"Department for Communities and Local Government. The english indices of deprivation 2015, 2015."},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.42","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Ethnicity and National Identity in England and Wales 201, 2012."},{"key":"2025121514272823000_9.7.e026220.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.6.1750","article-title":"Combined associations of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy","volume":"87","author":"Nohr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026220","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T22:27:37Z","timestamp":1765837657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026220","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}}}