{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T17:42:36Z","timestamp":1760809356646,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint undertaking"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The therapeutic paradigm in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) has shifted towards secondary prevention, defined as an intervention aiming to prevent or delay disease onset in pre-symptomatic individuals at risk of developing dementia due to AD. The key feature of AD prevention is the need to treat years or even decades before the onset of cognitive, behavioural or functional decline. Prediction of AD risk and evaluation of long-term treatment outcomes in this setting requires predictive modelling and is associated with ethical concerns and social implications. The objective of this review is to identify and elucidate them, as presented in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic literature review was conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Scopus, and was complemented with a grey literature search. All searches were conducted between March and July 2018. Two reviewers independently assessed each study for inclusion and disagreements were adjudicated by a third reviewer. Data are now being extracted using an extraction sheet developed within the group of reviewers, based on an initial sample of three manuscripts, but allowing for inclusion of newly identified data items (ethical arguments). Data will be analysed qualitatively using a thematic analysis technique. Potential biases in selection and interpretation of extracted data are mitigated by the fact that reviewers come from a range of different scientific backgrounds and represent different types of stakeholders in this ethical discussion (academia, industry, patient advocacy groups).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study does not require ethical approval. The findings of the review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. They will also be reported through the Innovative Medicine Initiative project: Real World Outcomes Across the AD Spectrum for Better Care: Multi-modal Data Access Platform (IMI: ROADMAP).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CRD42018092205.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T04:35:48Z","timestamp":1551674148000},"page":"e026468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ethical and social implications of using predictive modeling for Alzheimer\u2019s disease prevention: a systematic literature review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3899-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Angehrn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytica Laser, a Certara Company, Loerrach, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clementine","family":"Nordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LA-SER Core, Paris, France"},{"name":"CESP, INSERM U1178, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dianne","family":"Gove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Europe, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Karcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytica Laser, a Certara Company, Loerrach, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Titusville, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytica Laser, a Certara Company, Loerrach, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Sostar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytica Laser, a Certara Company, Loerrach, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"de Reydet de Vulpillieres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101810124656000_9.3.e026468.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.12.024"},{"key":"2025101810124656000_9.3.e026468.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b158"},{"key":"2025101810124656000_9.3.e026468.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01124-1"},{"key":"2025101810124656000_9.3.e026468.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1057\/s41292-017-0065-0","article-title":"Gatekeeping and trailblazing: The role of biomarkers in novel guidelines for diagnosing Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Boenink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosocieties"},{"key":"2025101810124656000_9.3.e026468.5","first-page":"208","article-title":"Drugs for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: are they effective?","volume":"35","author":"Casey","year":"2010","journal-title":"P T a Peer-Reviewed J Formul Manag"},{"key":"2025101810124656000_9.3.e026468.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170443","article-title":"Prediction and Early Detection of Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia: Professional Disclosure Practices and Ethical Attitudes","volume":"62","author":"Schweda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025101810124656000_9.3.e026468.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.003"},{"key":"2025101810124656000_9.3.e026468.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaari R , Fleisher AS , Tariot PN . 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