{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:36:53Z","timestamp":1787017013578,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"name":"Korean Health Technology R&D Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression has been reported to be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease in the western world, but the association has not yet been studied among Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether depression increases the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in a large Korean cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population based cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Database of National Health Insurance System, Republic of Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>481\u2009355 Koreans (260\u2009695 men and 220\u2009660 women) aged 40\u201380 years who had a biennial health check-up between 2002 and 2005.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main outcome in this study was the first ASCVD event (hospital admission or death).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression increased the risk of developing ASCVD by 41% for men and 48% for women. In men, 3\u20134 outpatient visits for depression increased the risk of angina pectoris by 2.12 times (95%\u2009CI 1.55 to 2.90) and acute myocardial infarction by 2.29 times (95%\u2009CI 1.33 to 3.95). Depression was also associated with stroke in men (HR 1.29, 95%\u2009CI 1.19 to 1.39) and in women (HR 1.37, 95%\u2009CI 1.29 to 1.46). However, no increased risk of ASCVD was found for men who received 10 or more depressive treatments, compared with those without any outpatient visit for depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cohort, depressed people were at increased risk of ASCVD incidence. Therefore, individuals with depression may need routine monitoring of heart health that may prevent their future CVD risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T06:16:24Z","timestamp":1561097784000},"page":"e026913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cohort study on the effects of depression on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yon Ho","family":"Jee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoungyoon","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Su won, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4993-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keum Ji","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Ha","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121511473833000_9.6.e026913.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moise N , Khodneva Y , Richman J , et al . 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