{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:37:45Z","timestamp":1787891865502,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa","award":["106035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (M.TB) and other species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Globally, TB is ranked as the ninth leading cause of death and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been used globally since 1921 for the prevention of TB in humans, and was derived from an attenuated strain of\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Evidence from previous randomised trials show that the efficacy of primary BCG vaccination against pulmonary TB ranged from no protection to very high protection. In addition, some studies suggest a benefit of BCG revaccination. For example, a recent trial conducted in South Africa showed that BCG revaccination of adolescents could reduce the risk of TB infection by half. However, we are not aware of any recent systematic reviews of the effects of BCG revaccination. Thus, the need for this systematic review of the effects of BCG revaccination on protection against TB infection and disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will search PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and reference lists of relevant publications for potentially eligible studies. We will screen search outputs, select eligible studies, extract data and assess risk of bias in duplicate. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion and consensus or arbitration. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method to assess the certainty of the evidence. The planned systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in August 2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Publicly available data will be used, hence no formal ethical approval will be required for this review. The findings of the review will be disseminated through conference presentations and publication in an open-access peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42018105916<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T07:46:31Z","timestamp":1571211991000},"page":"e027033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Systematic review protocol on Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) revaccination and protection against tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5750-3595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phetole Walter","family":"Mahasha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duduzile Edith","family":"Ndwandwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0890-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edison Johannes","family":"Mavundza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muki","family":"Shey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) & Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1273-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles Shey","family":"Wiysonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514535025000_9.10.e027033.1","unstructured":"WHO . 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