{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:05:07Z","timestamp":1773302707812,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital","award":["KMUH105- 5M17 and KMUH106- 6T09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH105- 5M17 and KMUH106- 6T09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic brain injury is now a major contributor to the global healthcare burden. Migraine is another debilitating disease with a global health impact. While most researchers agree that traumatic brain injury is a risk factor for migraine, whether migraine is a risk factor for traumatic brain injury still remains under debate. We therefore aimed to investigate whether migraine was a risk factor for developing traumatic brain injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective population-based cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data for people who had been diagnosed with migraine were retrieved from Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 7267 patients with newly diagnosed migraine during 1996\u20132010. The migraineurs to non-migraineurs ratio was set at 1:4 to enhance the power of statistical tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models to assess the effects of migraines on the risk of traumatic brain injury after adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall traumatic brain injury risk was 1.78 times greater in the migraine group compared with the non-migraine group after controlling for covariates. Additionally, patients with previous diagnoses of alcohol-attributed disease, mental disorders and diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher traumatic brain injury risk compared with those with no history of these diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study of a population-based database indicated that migraine is a traumatic brain injury risk factor. Greater attention to migraine-targeted treatment modalities may reduce traumatic brain injury-related morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T06:25:24Z","timestamp":1564554324000},"page":"e027251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Migraine and traumatic brain injury: a cohort study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Qing-Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghe County Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Qinghe, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Ju","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital,Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Kung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong-Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hebei Quyang Renji Hospital, Quyang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Hsin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409014155000_9.7.e027251.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2007-22502","article-title":"The impact of traumatic brain injuries: a global perspective","volume":"22","author":"Hyder","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"2025121409014155000_9.7.e027251.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.859735","article-title":"The negative impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on bone in a mouse model","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"key":"2025121409014155000_9.7.e027251.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200609000-00001"},{"key":"2025121409014155000_9.7.e027251.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.10.974"},{"key":"2025121409014155000_9.7.e027251.5","unstructured":"Feigin VL , Bennett DA . 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