{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:53:40Z","timestamp":1790704420250,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","funder":[{"name":"NORHED-Programme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of the study was to compare pregnancy outcomes according to maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants and settings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical data was extracted from ART exposed pregnancies of HIV-infected Ethiopian women attending antenatal care follow-up in public health facilities in Addis Ababa between February 2010 and October 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcomes evaluated were preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total 1663 of pregnancies exposed to ART were included in the analyses. Of these pregnancies, 17% resulted in a preterm birth, 19% in low birth weight and 32% in a small-for-gestational-age baby. Compared with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiated during pregnancy, zidovudine monotherapy was less likely to result in preterm birth (adjusted OR 0.35, 95%\u2009CI 0.19 to 0.64) and low birth weight (adjusted OR 0.48, 95%\u2009CI 0.24 to 0.94). We observed no differential risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age, when comparing women who initiated HAART during pregnancy to women who initiated HAART before conception. The risk for preterm birth was higher in pregnancies exposed to nevirapine-based HAART (adjusted OR 1.44, 95%\u2009CI 1.06 to 1.96) compared with pregnancies exposed to efavirenz-based HAART. Comparing nevirapine-based HAART with efavirenz-based HAART indicated no strong evidence of increased risk of low birth weight or small-for-gestational-age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed a higher risk of preterm birth among women who initiated HAART during pregnancy compared with zidovudine monotherapy. Pregnancies exposed to nevirapine-based HAART also had a greater risk of preterm births compared with efavirenz-based HAART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T12:35:24Z","timestamp":1565008524000},"page":"e027344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pregnancy outcome among HIV-infected women on different antiretroviral therapies in Ethiopia: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yohannes","family":"Ejigu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Metrics and Evaluation, Jimma University College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette H","family":"Magnus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanne","family":"Sundby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C","family":"Magnus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409022918000_9.8.e027344.1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Birth outcomes following zidovudine therapy in pregnant women","volume":"43409","year":"1994","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"key":"2025121409022918000_9.8.e027344.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835e3937","article-title":"Field effectiveness of combination antiretroviral prophylaxis for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in rural Zambia","volume":"27","author":"Gartland","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025121409022918000_9.8.e027344.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411033311801"},{"key":"2025121409022918000_9.8.e027344.4","unstructured":"WHO. 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