{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:20:57Z","timestamp":1765884057731,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"The Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NNF17OC0029508, NFF18OC0052512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF17OC0029508, NFF18OC0052512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The success of combination antiretroviral therapy has decreased the risk of perinatal HIV transmission and normalised pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH). Despite these advances, WLWH still face complex medical and psychosocial issues during pregnancy and postpartum, and there is a gap of knowledge on the experiences of becoming and being a mother living with HIV in today\u2019s context. The overall aim of this study is to investigate psychosocial outcomes and experiences of WLWH in Scandinavia during pregnancy and early motherhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a multicentre longitudinal convergent mixed methods study consisting of a quantitative survey study, a qualitative interview study and a mixed methods analysis. The survey study aims to examine psychosocial outcomes of WLWH across the pregnancy \u2013 postpartum trajectory. Participants are pregnant WLWH living in Scandinavia. Two control groups of HIV-negative pregnant women and non-pregnant WLWH are also included. Data is collected in the third trimester, 3 and 6 months postpartum using standardised questionnaires. Statistical analysis will assess changes over time and identify predictors of adverse outcomes. The interview study seeks to understand experiences of pregnancy and becoming a mother while living with HIV. Pregnant WLWH who are enrolled in the survey study will be asked to participate in individual interviews in the third trimester and 6 months postpartum. Data will be analysed using narrative analysis. The survey and interview results will be merged in a mixed methods analysis to assess confirmation, expansion or discordance between the data sets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approval from the Danish Data Protection Agency (VD-2018\u2013253), and the Finnish and Swedish Ethics Committees have been obtained (HUS\/1330\/2019 and Dnr: 2019\u201304451, respectively). Study results will be disseminated to patient organisations, through publications in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T08:02:45Z","timestamp":1571212965000},"page":"e027761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Study protocol: becoming and being a mother living with HIV - a multicentre longitudinal mixed methods study among pregnant women living with HIV, non-pregnant women living with HIV and pregnant women not living with HIV in a high-income setting (the 2B MOM study)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7195-8641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Moseholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micheal D","family":"Fetters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mixed Methods Program and Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inka","family":"Aho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Mellgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isik S","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merete","family":"Storgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus Universitetshospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gitte","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terese L","family":"Katzenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Weis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121603185584000_9.10.e027761.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2009.00811.x","article-title":"Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Denmark, 1994-2008","volume":"11","author":"von Linstow","year":"2010","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2025121603185584000_9.10.e027761.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000212"},{"key":"2025121603185584000_9.10.e027761.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194370","article-title":"Most women living with HIV can deliver vaginally\u2014National data from Finland 1993\u20132013","volume":"13","author":"Aho","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121603185584000_9.10.e027761.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2015.1081665","article-title":"\u201cWhy are you pregnant? 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