{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T23:08:36Z","timestamp":1788476916794,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute"},{"name":"The Royal Australasian College for Physicians and Paediatricians"},{"name":"Department of Newborn Research The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Smell and taste of milk are not generally considered when tube feeding preterm infants. Preterm infants have rapid growth, particularly of the brain, and high caloric needs. Enteral feeding is often poorly tolerated which may lead to growth failure and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Smell and taste are strong stimulators of digestion and metabolism. We hypothesise that regular smell and taste during tube feeding will improve weight z-scores of very preterm infants at discharge from hospital.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Taste is a randomised, unblinded two-centre trial. Infants born at &lt;29 weeks\u2019 gestation and\/or &lt;1250\u2009g at birth and admitted to a participating neonatal intensive care unit are eligible. Randomisation occurs before infants receive two hourly feeds for 24\u2009hours. Infants are randomised to either smell and taste of milk with each tube feed or tube feeding without the provision of smell and taste. The primary outcome is weight z-score at discharge. Secondary outcomes include: days to full enteral feeds, duration of parenteral nutrition, rate of late-onset sepsis, post menstrual age at removal of nasogastric tube and at discharge from hospital, anthropometric data and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2\u2009years of corrected age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human Research Ethics Committees of Mater Misericordiae (trial reference number: HREC\/16\/MHS\/112) and the Royal Women\u2019s Hospital (trial reference number: 17\/21) last approved the trial protocol (version 4.2; Date: 18 December 2018) and recruitment commenced in May 2017 and November 2017, respectively. The trial results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at national and international conferences.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ACTRN12617000583347.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T07:04:38Z","timestamp":1563433478000},"page":"e027805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The effect of smell and taste of milk during tube feeding of preterm infants (the Taste trial): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5688-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friederike","family":"Beker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Neonatal Critical Care Unit, Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4986-3072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Macey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Liley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Neonatal Critical Care Unit, Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office for Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Newborn Research, The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Twitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Newborn Research, The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101814401052000_9.7.e027805.1","unstructured":"Chow SS , Creighton P , Kander V , et al . 2016 Report of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network. 2018. http:\/\/www.anznn.net"},{"key":"2025101814401052000_9.7.e027805.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174412000736","article-title":"Optimum feeding and growth in preterm neonates","volume":"4","author":"Harding","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis"},{"key":"2025101814401052000_9.7.e027805.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1368"},{"key":"2025101814401052000_9.7.e027805.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0282"},{"key":"2025101814401052000_9.7.e027805.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333675"},{"key":"2025101814401052000_9.7.e027805.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14151","article-title":"Randomised crossover trial showed that using breast milk or sucrose provided the same analgesic effect in preterm infants of at least 28 weeks","volume":"107","author":"Collados-G\u00f3mez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2025101814401052000_9.7.e027805.7","first-page":"CD001069","article-title":"Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures","volume":"1","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025101814401052000_9.7.e027805.8","unstructured":"Pavlov I . 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