{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:51:16Z","timestamp":1788911476074,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005227","name":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005196","name":"Bureau of Justice Assistance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health systems can be integral to addressing population health, including persons with incarceration exposure. Few studies have comprehensively integrated state-wide data to assess how the primary care system can impact criminal justice outcomes. We examined whether enhanced primary care can decrease future contact with the criminal justice system among individuals just released from prison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We linked administrative data (2013\u20132016) of Connecticut Department of Correction, Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Department of Social Service, Court Support Services Division, and Department of Public Health to conduct a quasi-experimental study using propensity score matching of 94 participants who received enhanced primary care in Transitions Clinic to 94 controls not exposed to the programme. The propensity score included 23 variables, which encompassed participants\u2019 medical and incarceration history and service utilisation. The main outcomes were reincarceration rates and days incarcerated in the first year from the index date, which was either enrolment in the Transitions Clinic programme or release from prison in the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The odds of reincarceration, including arrests and new convictions, were similar for the two groups, but Transitions Clinic participants had lower odds of returning to prison for a parole or probation technical violation (adjusted OR: 0.38; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.93) compared with the control group. Further, Transitions Clinic participants had fewer incarceration days (incidence rate ratio: 0.55; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.84) compared with the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enhanced primary care for individuals just released from prison can reduce reincarceration for technical violations and shorten time spent within correctional facilities. This study shows how community health systems may play a role in current strategies to reduce prison populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T14:25:10Z","timestamp":1556807110000},"page":"e028097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Propensity-matched study of enhanced primary care on contact with the criminal justice system among individuals recently released from prison to New Haven"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Emily A","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Connecticut System, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Research Division, Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenerius A","family":"Aminawung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan H","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Department of Correction, Wethersfield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Department of Correction, Wethersfield, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Puglisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shira","family":"Shavit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Frisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Connecticut System, Storrs, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Research Division, Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605051438000_9.5.e028097.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-017-0611-1","article-title":"The Growth, Scope, and Spatial Distribution of People With Felony Records in the United States, 1948-2010","volume":"54","author":"Shannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2025121605051438000_9.5.e028097.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30259-3","article-title":"public health, and widening inequality in the USA","volume":"389","author":"Wildeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025121605051438000_9.5.e028097.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-017-0138-1","article-title":"History of solitary confinement is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among individuals recently released from prison","volume":"95","author":"Hagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"2025121605051438000_9.5.e028097.4","first-page":"1512","article-title":"Stress and hardship after prison","volume":"120","author":"Western","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJS"},{"key":"2025121605051438000_9.5.e028097.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/374403"},{"key":"2025121605051438000_9.5.e028097.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2013.25.2.112","article-title":"A pilot study examining food insecurity and HIV risk behaviors among individuals recently released from prison","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"key":"2025121605051438000_9.5.e028097.7","unstructured":"Durose MR , Cooper AD , Snyder HN . 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