{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T13:48:08Z","timestamp":1775483288322,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify factors associated with long-term urinary catheterisation (LTUC) in community-dwelling older adults and to evaluate the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) among people with LTUC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-based observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical and long-term care insurance claims data from one municipality in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People aged \u226575 years living at home who used medical services between October 2012 and September 2013 (n=32\u2009617).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) Use of LTUC, defined as urinary catheterisation for at least two consecutive months, to identify factors associated with LTUC and (2) the incidence of UTI, defined as a recorded diagnosis of UTI and prescription of antibiotics, in people with and without LTUC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 1-year prevalence of LTUC was 0.44% (143\/32 617). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the male sex, older age, higher comorbidity score, previous history of hospitalisation with in-hospital use of urinary catheters and high long-term care need level were independently associated with LTUC. The incidence rate of UTI was 33.8 and 4.7 per 100 person-years in people with and without LTUC, respectively. According to multivariable Poisson regression analysis, LTUC was independently associated with UTI (adjusted rate ratio 2.58, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.96). Propensity score-matched analysis yielded a similar result (rate ratio 2.41, 95%\u2009CI 1.45 to 4.00).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified several factors associated with LTUC in the community, and LTUC was independently associated with the incidence of UTI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T05:29:20Z","timestamp":1561008560000},"page":"e028371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Factors associated with long-term urinary catheterisation and its impact on urinary tract infection among older people in the community: a population-based observational study in a city in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Motohiko","family":"Adomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7079-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masao","family":"Iwagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4939-1834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shota","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Research Department, Institute for Health Economics and Policy, Association for Health Economics Research and Social Insurance and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Yoshie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Research Department, Institute for Health Economics and Policy, Association for Health Economics Research and Social Insurance and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Ishizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Care Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanako","family":"Tamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120601095760000_9.6.e028371.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013842","article-title":"Variation in the prevalence of urinary catheters: a profile of National Health Service patients in England","volume":"7","author":"Shackley","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025120601095760000_9.6.e028371.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-12-25"},{"key":"2025120601095760000_9.6.e028371.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2006.11.007"},{"key":"2025120601095760000_9.6.e028371.4","unstructured":"Carolyn VG , Craig AU , Rajender KA , et al . 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