{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:23:57Z","timestamp":1770747837208,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1R01AG052440-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AG052440-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in older adults and represents a high-risk group for progression to Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Medication trials in MCI have generally failed, but new discoveries with brain plasticity in ageing have led to the study of cognitive training as a potential treatment to improve cognitive abilities. Computerised cognitive training (CCT) involves computerised cognitive exercises that target specific cognitive abilities and neural networks to potentially improve cognitive functioning through neuroplasticity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a two-site study (New York State Psychiatric Institute\/Columbia University Medical Center and Duke University Medical Center), we will randomise 100 patients with MCI (Wechsler Memory Scale-III Logical Memory II score 0\u201311; Folstein Mini Mental State Examination \u226523) to home-based CCT (suite of exercises: memory, matching, spatial recognition, processing speed) or a home-based active control condition (computerised crossword puzzle training (CPT)) with 12 weeks of intensive training followed by regular booster sessions up to 78 weeks. All patients will receive standard neuropsychological and functional assessments in clinic as well as structural\/functional brain MRI scans at study entry and endpoint. We will test if CCT, versus CPT, leads to improved cognitive functioning, transfers to functional ability and tasks of everyday life and impacts hippocampal volume changes and changes in the default mode network of the brain measured by resting-state functional MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study will be conducted following ethics approval and written informed consent will be obtained from all subjects. Study results will be disseminated via publication, clinicaltrials.gov, media and conference presentations. This will be the first controlled long-term trial to evaluate the effects of home-based CCT versus computerised CPT on cognitive abilities and functional measures and neural outcomes as determined by MRI indices in patients with MCI. Positive results from trial may support further development of home-based CCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03205709\">NCT03205709<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T08:38:53Z","timestamp":1567154333000},"page":"e028536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cognitive training and neuroplasticity in mild cognitive impairment (COG-IT): protocol for a two-site, blinded, randomised, controlled treatment trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03205709","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"D'Antonio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8491-0519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Simon-Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel R","family":"Sneed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rushia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Kerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Hellegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sierra","family":"Tolbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Perea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Petrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murali","family":"Doraiswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davangere","family":"Devanand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705006264"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-017-0051-2","article-title":"Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of commercially available computerized cognitive training among older adults","volume":"1","author":"Tetlow","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cogn Enhanc"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher M , Subramaniam K , Panizzutti R , et al . Computerized cognitive training in schizophrenia: current knowledge and future directions. in cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: characteristics, assessment and treatment. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; US, 2013: 284\u2013315.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139003872.017"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00108","article-title":"Personalized cognitive training in unipolar and bipolar disorder: a study of cognitive functioning","volume":"7","author":"Preiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.08.005"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12607"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.06.014","article-title":"The effect of an online cognitive training package in healthy older adults: an online randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Corbett","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16030360","article-title":"Computerized cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12486"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.06.079"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.03.068","article-title":"Neural correlates of training and transfer effects in working memory in older adults","volume":"134","author":"Heinzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102710","article-title":"The pattern and loci of training-induced brain changes in healthy older adults are predicted by the nature of the intervention","volume":"9","author":"Belleville","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2017.05.004","article-title":"Effects of multicomponent training of cognitive control on cognitive function and brain activation in older adults","volume":"124","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254604"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.02.032"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.041"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820af94e"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001104","article-title":"Prognostic value of posteromedial cortex deactivation in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"2","author":"Petrella","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2007.02.013","article-title":"Computer program in the treatment for major depression and cognitive impairment in university students","volume":"24","author":"Alvarez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001110"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264312460573"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12010"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.12.008","article-title":"Concurrent cognitive control training augments the antidepressant efficacy of tDCS: a pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Segrave","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31829c5030"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181dba587"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013494","article-title":"Can training in a real-time strategy video game attenuate cognitive decline in older adults?","volume":"23","author":"Basak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00846.x"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610730802070068"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.18.2271"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215000563","article-title":"Discriminative power of the advanced activities of daily living (a-ADL) tool in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in an older population","volume":"27","author":"De Vriendt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013494"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170404","article-title":"Tailored and adaptive computerized cognitive training in older adults at risk for dementia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Bahar-Fuchs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.012"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2503080751"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01652","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the neurocognitive performance test, a web-based neuropsychological assessment","volume":"6","author":"Morrison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050151","article-title":"Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment","volume":"352","author":"Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"},{"key":"2025121220231602000_9.8.e028536.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-100999","article-title":"Effects of a newly developed cognitive intervention in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Buschert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028536corr1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568160000000}}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028536","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T04:23:25Z","timestamp":1765599805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028536","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}