{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:22:23Z","timestamp":1784726543234,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579564800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Research Development Fund","award":["RDF160301MMC11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDF160301MMC11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To explore what women consider health and ill health to be, in general, and during and after pregnancy. Women\u2019s views on how to approach screening for mental ill health and social morbidities were also explored.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings<\/jats:title>\n Public hospitals in New Delhi, India and Islamabad, Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n 130 women attending for routine antenatal or postnatal care at the study healthcare facilities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n Data collection was conducted using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Transcribed interviews were coded by topic and grouped into categories. Thematic framework analysis identified emerging themes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Women are aware that maternal health is multidimensional and linked to the health of the baby. Concepts of good health included: nutritious diet, ideal weight, absence of disease and a supportive family environment. Ill health consisted of physical symptoms and medical disease, stress\/tension, domestic violence and alcohol abuse in the family. Reported barriers to routine enquiry regarding mental and social ill health included a small number of women\u2019s perceptions that these issues are \u2018personal\u2019, that healthcare providers do not have the time and\/or cannot provide further care, even if mental or social ill health is disclosed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Women have a good understanding of the comprehensive nature of health and ill health during and after pregnancy. Women report that enquiry regarding mental and social ill health is not part of routine maternity care, but most welcome such an assessment. Healthcare providers have a duty of care to deliver respectful care that meets the health needs of women in a comprehensive, integrated, holistic manner, including mental and social care. There is a need for further research to understand how to support healthcare providers to screen for all aspects of maternal morbidity (physical, mental and social); and for healthcare providers to be enabled to provide support and evidence-based care and\/or referral for women if any ill health is disclosed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T05:14:39Z","timestamp":1579670079000},"page":"e028760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["\u2018Good health means being mentally, socially, emotionally and physically fit\u2019: women\u2019s understanding of health and ill health during and after pregnancy in India and Pakistan: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1446-0625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"McCauley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha Rasheeda","family":"Avais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Advocacy International Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumaila","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Advocacy International Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamsa","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fazaia Medical College, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nynke","family":"van den Broek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121515203490000_10.1.e028760.1","unstructured":"United Nations . 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