{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T06:00:21Z","timestamp":1757311221879,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","funder":[{"name":"Togo National HIV\/AIDS and STI Control Program"},{"name":"Centre Africain de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et en Sant\u00e9 Publique CARESP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to estimate alcohol and tobacco use prevalence and their correlates among female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM) and drug users (DU) in Togo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, setting and participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional bio-behavioural study was conducted among 2115 MSM, FSW and DU in 2017 using a respondent-driven sampling method, in the eight biggest towns of Togo. Selection criteria for the MSM were being male and having had oral or anal intercourse with a man in the previous 12 months; for FSW, being a female and having exchanged sex for money in the previous 12 months; and for DU, consuming heroin, cocaine or hashish for MSM, FSW and DU, respectively. All participants had to be at least 18 years old and residing in the territory for the past 3\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of alcohol consumption, hazardous\/harmful consumption and binge drinking was 64.8%, 38.4% and 45.5%, respectively. Current tobacco use was reported by 30.6% of participants and HIV prevalence was estimated at 12.5%. DU were more likely to engage in binge drinking compared with other key populations (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.0; 95%\u2009CI 1.4 to 2.8; p=0.001). Participants who were identified as having hazardous\/harmful alcohol consumption had almost three times the odds of tobacco consumption than those with no risky consumption (aOR=2.6; 95% CI 2.0 to 3.4; p=0.001). Hazardous\/harmful alcohol consumption was three times more likely among participants with severe psychological distress compared with those with no psychological distress (aOR=3.3, 95% CI 2.2 to 5.1; p=0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings from this study demonstrate the need for the integration of mental health and substance abuse reduction interventions into HIV prevention programme, particularly those geared towards key populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-028934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T12:45:27Z","timestamp":1572871527000},"page":"e028934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence and correlates of alcohol and tobacco use among key populations in Togo in 2017: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexandra Marie","family":"Bitty-Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1744-0454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fifonsi Adjidossi","family":"Gbeasor-Komlanvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ess\u00e8bo\u00e8 K","family":"Sewu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claver A","family":"Dagnra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mounerou","family":"Salou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetouyaba J","family":"Blatome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Jaquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick Ahuatchi","family":"Coffie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didier Koumavi","family":"Ekouevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052013162576000_9.11.e028934.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601610010034"},{"key":"2024052013162576000_9.11.e028934.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000090","article-title":"Hiv epidemic among key populations in West Africa","volume":"9","author":"Djomand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"2024052013162576000_9.11.e028934.3","unstructured":"HIV and AIDS in West and Central Africa Overview [Internet]. 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