{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:11:25Z","timestamp":1767856285279,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","funder":[{"name":"The Vietnamese American Cancer Foundation is a non-profit organisation that is supported by generous donations and fundraising from community members and local organisations."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of our study were to describe current hepatitis B prevalence among Vietnamese Americans and to examine predictors of hepatitis B risk in this specific ethnic community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional analysis of data from a community-based screening program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis was based on hepatitis screening community events in Southern California.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2508 Vietnamese Americans in Southern California.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serological tests for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, and total hepatitis B core antibody were used to classify participants as one of four hepatitis B infection statuses: currently infected, previously infected, susceptible, or immune due to a previous hepatitis B vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across 2508 participants, 9.0% were currently infected with hepatitis B and 17.7% were at risk for hepatitis B. Females and those reporting a previous hepatitis B vaccination were at significant decreased risk of hepatitis B (OR=0.48, 95%\u2009CI 0.33 to 0.69 and OR=0.53, 95%\u2009CI 0.31 to 0.93, respectively) whereas those born outside of the USA and with a family history of the disease showed substantial increased risk (OR=13.36, 95%\u2009CI 1.62 to 110.05 and OR=4.68, 95%\u2009CI 2.66 to 8.22, respectively). Among those who reported a previous hepatitis B vaccination, less than half (42.9%) possessed the protective antibodies that result from a hepatitis B vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vietnamese Americans remain disproportionately burdened by hepatitis B. Public health efforts that focus on improving hepatitis B awareness and vaccination knowledge and that are tailored to specific high-risk subgroups, such as immigrants and those with infected family members, could help in addressing the disease\u2019s burden in this high-prevalence population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T05:15:23Z","timestamp":1566882923000},"page":"e029616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Insight into hepatitis B prevalence and risk factors among Vietnamese Americans: a cross-sectional analysis of data from a community-based screening program"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8756-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice W","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wura","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Becky","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnamese American Cancer Foundation, Fountain Valley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dung N","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnamese American Cancer Foundation, Fountain Valley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John N","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnamese American Cancer Foundation, Fountain Valley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thai","family":"Van Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnamese American Cancer Foundation, Fountain Valley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121512021052000_9.8.e029616.1","unstructured":"World Health Organziation . 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