{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:41:53Z","timestamp":1782488513847,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NRF-2015-R1D1A1A01060860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2015-R1D1A1A01060860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence rate of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is growing rapidly owing to the ageing population. We investigated the mortality rates and causes of death in South Korean patients with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated a national cohort using the nationwide insurance database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service\u2014National Sample Cohort database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 3510 participants \u226560 years of age who were diagnosed with PD between 2002 and 2013, as well as 14\u2009040 matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A stratified Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate patients with PD who were matched 1:4 with non-PD control subjects adjusted for age, sex, income and region of residence. The causes of death were grouped into 12 classifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adjusted HR for mortality in the PD group was 2.09 (95% CI 1.94 to 2.24, p&lt;0.001). Subgroup analysis according to age (&lt;70 years, 70\u201379 years, and \u226580 years) and sex revealed that patients with PD showed higher adjusted HRs for mortality across all subgroups. Mortalities caused by metabolic, mental, neurologic, circulatory, respiratory, and genitourinary diseases, as well as trauma, were more common in the PD group than in the control group, with the highest OR observed in patients with neurologic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrated that PD in South Korean patients \u226560 years of age was associated with increased mortality in both sexes regardless of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T08:59:14Z","timestamp":1568710754000},"page":"e029776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mortality and cause of death in South Korean patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hyo Geun","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Sung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songyong","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8903-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411094748000_9.9.e029776.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20100149","article-title":"How can the National burden of Parkinson's disease comorbidity and mortality be estimated for the Japanese population?","volume":"21","author":"Doi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025121411094748000_9.9.e029776.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2015.49","article-title":"Mortality from Parkinson\u2019s disease in China: Findings from a five-year follow up study in Shanghai","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2025121411094748000_9.9.e029776.3","article-title":"Mortality in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease","volume":"2014","author":"Morgan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"2025121411094748000_9.9.e029776.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.2.254"},{"key":"2025121411094748000_9.9.e029776.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30295-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"17","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2025121411094748000_9.9.e029776.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.8.1265"},{"key":"2025121411094748000_9.9.e029776.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.04.010"},{"key":"2025121411094748000_9.9.e029776.8","unstructured":"The National health insurance sharing service of Korea, 2014. 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