{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T07:25:50Z","timestamp":1785914750752,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/J000175\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/J000175\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effects of yoga practice on subclinical cardiovascular measures, risk factors and neuro-endocrine pathways in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following acute coronary events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3-month, two-arm (yoga +usual care vs usual care alone) parallel randomised mechanistic study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One general hospital and two primary care CR centres in London. Assessments were conducted at Imperial College London.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>80 participants, aged 35\u201380 years (68% men, 60% South Asian) referred to CR programmes 2012\u20132014.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A certified yoga teacher conducted yoga classes which included exercises in stretching, breathing, healing imagery and deep relaxation. It was pre-specified that at least 18 yoga classes were attended for inclusion in analysis. Participants and partners in both groups were invited to attend weekly a 6- to 12-week local standard UK National Health Service CR programme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      (i) Estimated left ventricular filling pressure (E\/e\u2032), (ii) distance walked, fatigue and breathlessness in a 6 min walk test, (iii) blood pressure, heart rate and estimated peak VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      following a 3 min step-test. Effects on the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis, autonomic function, body fat, blood lipids and glucose, stress and general health were also explored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>25 participants in the yoga + usual care group and 35 participants in the usual care group completed the study. Following the 3-month intervention period, E\/e\u2032 was not improved by yoga (E\/e\u2032: between-group difference: yoga minus usual care:\u22120.40 (\u22121.38, 0.58). Exercise testing and secondary outcomes also showed no benefits of yoga.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this small UK-based randomised mechanistic study, with 60 completing participants (of whom 25 were in the yoga + usual care group), we found no discernible improvement associated with the addition of a structured 3-month yoga intervention to usual CR care in key cardiovascular and neuroendocrine measures shown to be responsive to yoga in previous mechanistic studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT01597960\">NCT01597960<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Pre-results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T07:45:42Z","timestamp":1572853542000},"page":"e030119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Yoga and Cardiovascular Health Trial (YACHT): a UK-based randomised mechanistic study of a yoga intervention plus usual care versus usual care alone following an acute coronary event"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01597960","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1590-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Therese","family":"Tillin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Tuson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York Hospitals NHS Trust, York, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Sowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West London Mental Health NHS Trust, Southall, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaushik","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shah","family":"Ebrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Kinra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishi","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121602261900000_9.11.e030119.1","unstructured":"Feuerstein G . 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