{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:47:16Z","timestamp":1788410836522,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581292800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000145","name":"Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201611CGV-382013-267341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201611CGV-382013-267341"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["201611CGV-382013-267341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201611CGV-382013-267341"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the association of anxiety alone, depression alone and the presence of both anxiety and depression with preterm birth (PTB) and further examined whether neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) modified this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study using individual-level data from two community-based prospective pregnancy cohort studies (All Our Families; AOF) and Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) and neighbourhood SES data from the 2011 Canadian census.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Calgary, Alberta, Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 5538 pregnant women who were &lt;27 weeks of gestation and &gt;15 years old were enrolled in the cohort studies between 2008 and 2012. 3341 women participated in the AOF study and 2187 women participated in the APrON study, with 231 women participated in both studies. Women who participated in both studies were only counted once.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PTB was defined as delivery prior to 37 weeks of gestation. Depression was defined as an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score of \u226513, anxiety was defined as an EPDS-anxiety subscale score of \u22656, and the presence of both anxiety and depression was defined as meeting both anxiety and depression definitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 7.3% of women delivered preterm infants. The presence of both anxiety and depression, but neither of these conditions alone, was significantly associated with PTB (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.3) and had significant interaction with neighbourhood deprivation (p=0.004). The predicted probability of PTB for women with both anxiety and depression was 10.0%, which increased to 15.7% if they lived in the most deprived neighbourhoods and decreased to 1.4% if they lived in the least deprived neighbourhoods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effects of anxiety and depression on risk of PTB differ depending on where women live. This understanding may guide the identification of women at increased risk for PTB and allocation of resources for early identification and management of anxiety and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T04:25:12Z","timestamp":1581395112000},"page":"e031035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Neighbourhood socioeconomic status modifies the association between anxiety and depression during pregnancy and preterm birth: a Community-based Canadian cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2872-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamala","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott B","family":"Patten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alka B","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Applied Research and Evaluation- Primary Health Care, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahirose","family":"Premji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, York University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Tough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Letourneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Deprtment of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Giesbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605481318000_10.2.e031035.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4"},{"key":"2025121605481318000_10.2.e031035.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60560-1"},{"key":"2025121605481318000_10.2.e031035.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-93","article-title":"The economic burden of prematurity in Canada","volume":"14","author":"Johnston","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121605481318000_10.2.e031035.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-S1-S2","article-title":"Born too soon: the global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births","volume":"10","author":"Blencowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"2025121605481318000_10.2.e031035.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.00012.x","article-title":"Neonatal complications following preterm birth","volume":"110","author":"Ward","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"key":"2025121605481318000_10.2.e031035.6","unstructured":"Canadian Institute for health information (CIHI) . 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