{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T09:24:27Z","timestamp":1785489867054,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000659","name":"Research Trainees Coordinating Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are considered the best and safest modality for providing haemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Only 20% of UK centres achieve the recommended 80% target for achieving dialysis of the prevalent dialysis population via permanent access (as opposed to a central venous catheter). This is partly due to the relatively poor maturation rate of newly created fistulas, with as many as 50% of fistulas failing to mature.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The Surveillance Of arterioveNous fistulAe using ultRasound study will examine whether a protocolised programme of Doppler ultrasound (US) surveillance can identify, early after creation, potentially correctable problems in those AVFs that subsequently fail to mature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a multicentre observational study that will assess newly created AVFs by Doppler US performed at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks after creation. The primary outcome measure will be primary fistula patency at week 10. Secondary outcome measures include: successful use of the fistula; clinical suitability for dialysis; creation of new fistula or radiological salvage; fistula thrombosis; secondary fistula patency rate and patient acceptability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study has been approved by the Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire Research Ethics Committee and by the Health Research Authority (REC 18\/EE\/0234). The results generated from this work will be published as open access, within 3\u2009years of trial commencement. We will also present our findings at key national\/international\u2009renal meetings, as well as support volunteers at renal patient groups to disseminate the trial outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN36033877\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\">ISRCTN36033877<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T07:10:27Z","timestamp":1563952227000},"page":"e031210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Surveillance arterioveNous fistulAs using ultRasound (SONAR) trial in haemodialysis patients: a study protocol for a multicentre observational study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn36033877","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9049-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Studies Unit, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7298-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilis","family":"Kosmoliaptsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8369-1577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward 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