{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T13:45:44Z","timestamp":1780407944385,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRN: SCA-145102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN: SCA-145102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this systematic review is to identify and synthesise studies evaluating performance-based functional outcome measures designed to evaluate the functional abilities of patients with neck pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, COCHRANE, Google Scholar and a citation mapping strategy was conducted until July 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than half of the study\u2019s patient population had neck pain or a musculoskeletal neck disorder and completed a functional-based test. Clinimetric properties of at least one performance-based functional tests were reported. Both traumatic and non-traumatic origins of neck pain were considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data extraction and synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relevant data were then extracted from selected articles using an extraction guide. Selected articles were appraised using the Quality Appraisal for Clinical Measurement Research Reports Evaluation Form (QACMRR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search obtained 12 articles which reported on four outcome measures (functional capacity evaluations (FCE), Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment Work Simulator II (BTEWS II), Functional Impairment Test-Hand and Neck\/Shoulder\/Arm (FIT-HaNSA)) and a physiotherapy test package, to assess the functional abilities in patients with mechanical neck pain. Of the selected papers: one reports content validity, five construct validity, four reliability, one sensitivity to change and one both reliability and construct validity. QACMRR scores ranged from 68% to 95%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review found very good quality evidence that the FIT-HaNSA has excellent inter and intra-rater reliability and very weak to weak convergent validity. Excellent quality evidence of fair test-retest reliability, weak convergent validity and very weak known groups validity for the BTEWS II test was found. Good to excellent quality evidence exists that an FCE battery has poor to excellent reliability and very weak to strong validity. Good to excellent quality of weak to strong validity and trivial to strong effect sizes were found for a physiotherapy test package.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Prospero registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42018112358<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T04:35:20Z","timestamp":1574656520000},"page":"e031242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Systematic review of the measurement properties of performance-based functional tests in patients with neck disorders"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"McGee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Sipos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Allin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5098-4840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavlos","family":"Bobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Western's Bone and Joint Intitute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Care Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"MacDermid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Western's Bone and Joint Intitute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2008.11.013","article-title":"Course and prognostic factors for neck pain in the general population: results of the bone and joint decade 2000-2010 Task force on neck pain and its associated disorders","volume":"32","author":"Carroll","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00334-7"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.0302"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.5","first-page":"107","article-title":"Neck-and-shoulder pain, an increasing problem. strategies for using insurance material to follow trends","volume":"32","author":"Nygren","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199901150-00020","article-title":"Outcomes of disabling cervical spine disorders in compensation injuries. A prospective comparison to tertiary rehabilitation response for chronic lumbar spinal disorders","volume":"24","author":"Wright","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rempel DM , Harrison RJ , Barnhart S . Work-Related cumulative trauma disorders of the upper extremity. JAMA 1992;267.doi:10.1001\/jama.1992.03480060084035","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480060084035"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00268-1"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2008.11.010","article-title":"The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the bone and joint decade 2000-2010 Task force on neck pain and its associated disorders","volume":"32","author":"Hogg-Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bobos P , Nazari G , Palimeris S , et al . The contribution of health and psychological factors in patients with chronic neck pain and disability: a cross-sectional study. JCDR : 2018.doi:10.7860\/JCDR\/2018\/31284.11203","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2018\/31284.11203"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does deep cervical flexor muscle training affect pain pressure thresholds of myofascial trigger points in patients with chronic neck pain? A prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"2016","author":"Bobos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rehabil Res Pract"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nazari G , Bobos P , Billis E , et al . Cervical flexor muscle training reduces pain, anxiety, and depression levels in patients with chronic neck pain by a clinically important amount: a prospective cohort study. Physiother Res Int 2018;23.doi:10.1002\/pri.1712","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.1712"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.8131","article-title":"Patient-Reported outcome measures used for neck disorders: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"48","author":"Bobos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001610010746","article-title":"A qualitative description of chronic neck pain has implications for outcome assessment and classification","volume":"10","author":"MacDermid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2008.0303","article-title":"Neck pain: clinical practice guidelines linked to the International classification of functioning, disability, and health from the orthopedic section of the American physical therapy association","volume":"38","author":"Childs","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kay TM , Huijbregts M . Physical rehabilitation outcome measures: a guide to enhanced clinical decision making. Second Edition. Canada: Physiother, 2003.","DOI":"10.2310\/6640.2003.35271"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199811150-00011"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11196"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.27397"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/j.jht.2004.02.005"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2017.02.004","article-title":"Measures of upper limb function for people with neck pain. A systematic review of measurement and practical properties","volume":"29","author":"Alreni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.23","unstructured":"Law MC , MacDermid J . Evidence-based rehabilitation\u202f: a guide to practice. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Incorporated, 2014."},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0643"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2012.0071"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.27","unstructured":"Cohen J . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 1988."},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2930"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-014-9555-0","article-title":"Construct validity of functional capacity evaluation in patients with Whiplash-Associated disorders","volume":"25","author":"Trippolini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.07.406","article-title":"Can functional capacity tests predict future work capacity in patients with whiplash-associated disorders?","volume":"95","author":"Trippolini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-012-9403-z","article-title":"Reliability and safety of functional capacity evaluation in patients with whiplash associated disorders","volume":"23","author":"Trippolini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.12.005","article-title":"Reliability and agreement of neck functional capacity evaluation tests in patients with chronic multifactorial neck pain","volume":"98","author":"Reneman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-013-9473-6","article-title":"Relationship between self-reported disability and functional capacity in patients with whiplash associated disorder","volume":"24","author":"van der Meer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-007-9086-z","article-title":"Basis for a functional capacity evaluation methodology for patients with work-related neck disorders","volume":"17","author":"Reesink","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.35","first-page":"169","article-title":"Shoulder functional assessments in persons with chronic neck\/shoulder pain and healthy subjects: reliability and effects of movement repetition","volume":"38","author":"Lomond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001610010179","article-title":"Intra and inter-rater reliability and convergent validity of FIT-HaNSA in individuals with grade \u041f whiplash associated disorder","volume":"10","author":"Pierrynowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970306117"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.167"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.158"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1080\/0963828031000090579","article-title":"Physical performance tests for people with spinal pain--sensitivity to change","volume":"25","author":"Ljungquist","year":"2003","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020274624791"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1179\/1743288X13Y.0000000121","article-title":"The best combination of physical performance and self-report measures to capture function in three patient groups","volume":"19","author":"Hegedus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.43","article-title":"Rotational strength, range of motion, and function in people with unaffected shoulders from various stages of life","volume":"1","author":"Roy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.3796","article-title":"The FIT-HaNSA demonstrates reliability and convergent validity of functional performance in patients with shoulder disorders","volume":"42","author":"Kumta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-42","article-title":"Validation of a new test that assesses functional performance of the upper extremity and neck (FIT-HaNSA) in patients with shoulder pathology","volume":"8","author":"MacDermid","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025121514423536000_9.11.e031242.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21482","article-title":"Normal shoulder muscular activation and co-ordination during a shoulder elevation task based on activities of daily living: an electromyographic study","volume":"30","author":"Hawkes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T22:42:47Z","timestamp":1765838567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031242","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}}}