{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:48:14Z","timestamp":1791384494058,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016714","name":"University of Sharjah","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["operational grant from Sharjah Institute for Medic"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["operational grant from Sharjah Institute for Medic"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Harvard School of Medicine","award":["Center for Global Health Delivery\u2013Dubai (agreeme"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Center for Global Health Delivery\u2013Dubai (agreeme"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop an evidence-based community pharmacist-delivered screening model for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and assess its feasibility to identify and refer patients with elevated risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A feasibility study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A purposive sample of 12 community pharmacies in three cities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults 40 years of age and above who have not been previously diagnosed with either diabetes or CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacist screening of adults visiting pharmacies involved history, demographics, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and point-of-care testing including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and lipid panel. Participants with a 10-year CVD risk \u22657.5%, HbA1c level \u22655.7%\u2009or American Diabetes Association (ADA) risk score \u22655 points were advised to visit their physician.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcomes were (1) development of UAE pharmacist-delivered screening model, (2) the proportion of screened participants identified as having high CVD risk (atherosclerotic CVD 10-year risk defined as \u22657.5%) and (3) the proportion of participants identified as having elevated blood glucose (high HbA1c level \u22655.7% (38.8 mmol\/mol)) or high self-reported diabetes risk (ADA risk score \u22655 points). Secondary outcome is participants\u2019 satisfaction with the screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The first UAE pharmacist-delivered screening model was developed and implemented. A total of 115 participants were screened, and 92.3% of the entire screening process was completed during a single visit to pharmacy. The mean duration of the complete screening process was 27\u2009min. At-risk individuals (57.4%) were referred to their physicians for further testing, while 94.5% of participants were at least satisfied with their screening experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The community pharmacist-delivered screening of diabetes and CVD risk is feasible in the UAE. The model offers a platform to increase screening capacity within primary care and provides an opportunity for early detection and treatment. However, pathways for the integration of the pharmacist-delivered screening service with physicians in primary care are yet to be explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T06:16:03Z","timestamp":1573452963000},"page":"e031246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk screening model in community pharmacies in a developing primary healthcare system: a feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5122-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamzah Tareq","family":"Alzubaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacotherapy, University of Sharjah, College of Pharmacy, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Chandir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Delivery\u2013Dubai, Harvard Medical School, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanah","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ajman University of Science and Technology College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Healthcare Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Delivery\u2013Dubai, Harvard Medical School, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Krass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121219494691000_9.11.e031246.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31679-8"},{"key":"2025121219494691000_9.11.e031246.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0766"},{"key":"2025121219494691000_9.11.e031246.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.002"},{"key":"2025121219494691000_9.11.e031246.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024"},{"key":"2025121219494691000_9.11.e031246.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052"},{"key":"2025121219494691000_9.11.e031246.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0728-6","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007\u20132017","volume":"17","author":"Einarson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2025121219494691000_9.11.e031246.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.001"},{"key":"2025121219494691000_9.11.e031246.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention. 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