{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:02:18Z","timestamp":1763748138116,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSD (Thailand) Ltd. supported for the study funding (e.g. cost of materials, data managements, data analysis and cost of publication).","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often experience hypoglycaemia and weight gain due to treatment side effects. Sulfonylureas (SU) and the combination of SU and metformin (SU+MET) were the most common monotherapy and combination therapies used in Thailand tertiary care hospitals. This study aimed to assess the glycaemic goal attainment rates, hypoglycaemic episodes, weight gain and treatment compliance among patients with T2DM receiving SU or SU+MET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multicentre cross-sectional survey and retrospective review was conducted in five tertiary care hospitals, Thailand. Patients with T2DM aged \u226530 years were included consecutively during a 12-month period. Glycaemic control, experiences of hypoglycaemia, weight gain and compliance were evaluated. Glycaemic goal attainment was defined by HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>level less than 7%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of the 659 patients (mean age (\u00b1SD)), 65.5 (10.0) years and median duration of T2DM (IQR), 10 (5\u201315) years), 313 (47.5%) achieved the glycaemic goal. HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>levels in the patients with goal attainment was significantly lower compared with those without (6.3%\u00b10.5% vs 8.1%\u00b11.2%, p&lt;0.001). Goal attainment was significantly lower among patients treated with SU+MET than those treated with SU alone (43.5% vs 63.0%; OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31, 0.66, p&lt;0.001). A third of patients reported experiencing hypoglycaemia (30.7%) and weight gain (35.4%). Weight gain in the SU+MET group was lower than those receiving SU alone (33.1% vs 44.6%, p=0.015), but there was no difference in hypoglycaemic events. Major events in the previous 12 months were experienced by 68 patients, most commonly congestive heart failure and ischaemic heart disease. Approximately half of the patients (52.2%) reported not always taking their medication as prescribed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among patients with T2DM receiving SU or SU+MET, only about half of the patients achieved glycaemic goal and compliance with the treatment. Hypoglycaemia and weight gain posed a significant burden with risk of weight gain higher in the SU group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T14:16:32Z","timestamp":1581516992000},"page":"e031612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Real-world Evaluation of glycemic control and hypoglycemic Events among type 2 Diabetes mellitus study (REEDS): a multicentre, cross-sectional study in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8881-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bancha","family":"Satirapoj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thongchai","family":"Pratipanawatr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boonsong","family":"Ongphiphadhanakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sompongse","family":"Suwanwalaikorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yupin","family":"Benjasuratwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wannee","family":"Nitiyanant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052015033948000_10.2.e031612.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-1-200807010-00005"},{"key":"2024052015033948000_10.2.e031612.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S006"},{"key":"2024052015033948000_10.2.e031612.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_556_17","article-title":"Consensus Recommendations on Sulfonylurea and Sulfonylurea Combinations in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - International Task Force","volume":"22","author":"Kalra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024052015033948000_10.2.e031612.4","first-page":"S66","article-title":"Thailand diabetes registry project: glycemic control in Thai type 2 diabetes and its relation to hypoglycemic agent usage","volume":"89 Suppl 1","author":"Kosachunhanun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"2024052015033948000_10.2.e031612.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2016.40.3.202","article-title":"Severe hypoglycemia and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Cha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"2024052015033948000_10.2.e031612.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S205","DOI":"10.2337\/dcS15-3014","article-title":"Hypoglycemia and cardiovascular risk: is there a major link?","volume":"39 Suppl 2","author":"Hanefeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052015033948000_10.2.e031612.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0176-9"},{"key":"2024052015033948000_10.2.e031612.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0630-3","article-title":"Comment on: Evans JMM, Ogston SA, Emslie-Smith A, Morris AD (2006) risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a comparison of patients treated with sulfonylureas and metformin. 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