{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T12:18:12Z","timestamp":1772194692779,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cancer is a leading killer worldwide, including Australia. Cancer diagnosis leads to a substantial burden on the individual, their family and society. The main aim of this study is to understand the trends, determinants and inequalities associated with cancer incidence, hospitalisation, mortality and its burden over the period 1982 to 2014 in Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted in Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An incidence-based study design was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data came from the publicly accessible Australian Institute of Health and Welfare database. This contained 2\u2009784\u2009148 registered cancer cases over the study period for all types of cancer. Erreygers\u2019 concentration index was used to examine the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality with regards to cancer outcomes. Furthermore, a generalised linear model was constructed to identify the influential factors on the overall burden of cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that cancer incidence (annual average percentage change, AAPC=1.33%), hospitalisation (AAPC=1.27%), cancer-related mortality (AAPC=0.76%) and burden of cancer (AAPC=0.84%) all increased significantly over the period. The same-day (AAPC=1.35%) and overnight (AAPC=1.19%) hospitalisation rates also showed an increasing trend. Further, the ratio (least-most advantaged economic resources ratio, LMR of mortality (M) and LMR of incidence (I)) was especially high for cervix (M\/I=1.802), prostate (M\/I=1.514), melanoma (M\/I=1.325), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (M\/I=1.325) and breast (M\/I=1.318), suggesting that survival inequality was most pronounced for these cancers. Socioeconomically disadvantaged people were more likely to bear an increasing cancer burden in terms of incidence, mortality and death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant differences in the burden of cancer persist across socioeconomic strata in Australia. Policymakers should therefore introduce appropriate cancer policies to provide universal cancer care, which could reduce this burden by ensuring curable and preventive cancer care services are made available to all people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T05:35:50Z","timestamp":1576474550000},"page":"e031874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Emerging cancer incidence, mortality, hospitalisation and associated burden among Australian cancer patients, 1982 \u2013 2014: an incidence-based approach in terms of trends, determinants and inequality"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9788-1868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashidul Alam","family":"Mahumud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Policy Research, Centre for Health, Informatics and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Health Economics Research, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Health and Epidemiology Research, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khorshed","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Policy Research, Centre for Health, Informatics and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Policy Research, Centre for Health, Informatics and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Policy Research, Centre for Health, Informatics and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121400370561000_9.12.e031874.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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