{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:35:16Z","timestamp":1787016916219,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588032000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["142416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the relationship between developmental health and neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) in kindergarten children with disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study using population-level database of children\u2019s developmental health at school entry (2002\u20132014).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>12 of 13 Canadian provinces\/territories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Taxfiler and Census data between 2005 and 2006, respectively, were aggregated according to custom-created neighbourhood boundaries and used to create an index of neighbourhood-level SES. Developmental health outcomes were measured for 29\u2009520 children with disabilities using the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a teacher-completed measure of developmental health across five domains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hierarchical generalised linear models were used to test the association between neighbourhood-level SES and developmental health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All EDI domains were positively correlated with the neighbourhood-level SES index. The strongest association was observed for the language and cognitive development domain (\u03b2 (SE): 0.29 (0.02)) and the weakest association was observed for the emotional maturity domain (\u03b2 (SE): 0.12 (0.01)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The magnitude of differences observed in EDI scores across neighbourhoods at the 5th and 95th percentiles are similar to the effects of more established predictors of development, such as sex. The association of SES with developmental outcomes in this population may present a potential opportunity for policy interventions to improve immediate and long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T03:55:44Z","timestamp":1588132544000},"page":"e032396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Socioeconomic gradient in the developmental health of Canadian children with disabilities at school entry: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4287-0541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dena","family":"Zeraatkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Duku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behvioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behvioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Guhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Forer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marni","family":"Brownell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9500-6776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Janus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behvioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411313242000_10.4.e032396.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.32.4.244"},{"key":"2025121411313242000_10.4.e032396.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93068-K","article-title":"Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study","volume":"337","author":"Marmot","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025121411313242000_10.4.e032396.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12220","article-title":"The social determinants of health for people with type 1 diabetes that progress to end-stage renal disease","volume":"18","author":"Hill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"2025121411313242000_10.4.e032396.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-015-0052-y","article-title":"Intersection of race\/ethnicity and socioeconomic status in mortality after breast cancer","volume":"40","author":"Shariff-Marco","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"2025121411313242000_10.4.e032396.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12003","article-title":"Linking electronic health records with community-level data to understand childhood obesity risk","volume":"10","author":"Tomayko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"2025121411313242000_10.4.e032396.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.25.4.521","article-title":"Social and medical determinants of cardiometabolic health: the big picture","volume":"25","author":"Puckrein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"2025121411313242000_10.4.e032396.7","unstructured":"Keating DP , Hertzman C . 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