{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:57:09Z","timestamp":1793923029126,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emergency caesarean section (ECS) qualifies as a psychological trauma, which may result in postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Maternal PTSD may not only have a significant negative impact on mother\u2013infant interactions, but also on long-term infant development. The partner\u2019s mental health may also affect infant development. Evidence-based early interventions to prevent the development of postpartum PTSD in mothers are lacking. Immediately after a traumatic event, memory formation is vulnerable to interference. There is accumulating evidence that a brief behavioural intervention including a visuospatial task may result in a reduction in intrusive memories of the trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study protocol describes a double-blind multicentre randomised controlled phase III trial testing an early brief maternal intervention including the computer game \u2018Tetris\u2019 on intrusive memories of the ECS trauma (\u22641\u2009week) and PTSD symptoms (6 weeks, primary outcome) of 144 women following an ECS. The intervention group will carry out a brief behavioural procedure including playing Tetris. The attention-placebo control group will complete a brief written activity log. Both simple cognitive tasks will be completed within the first 6\u2009hours following traumatic childbirth. The intervention is delivered by midwives\/nurses in the maternity unit.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome will be differences in the presence and severity of maternal PTSD symptoms between the intervention and the attention-placebo control group at 6 weeks post partum. Secondary outcomes will be physiological stress and psychological vulnerability, mother\u2013infant interaction and infant developmental outcomes. Other outcomes will be psychological vulnerability and physiological regulation of the partner and their bonding with the infant, as well as the number of intrusive memories of the event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton de Vaud (study number 2017\u201302142). Dissemination of results will occur via national and international conferences, in peer-reviewed journals, public conferences and social media.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT 03576586.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T05:04:23Z","timestamp":1577768663000},"page":"e032469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Improving mental health and physiological stress responses in mothers following traumatic childbirth and in their infants: study protocol for the Swiss TrAumatic biRth Trial (START)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2763-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vania","family":"Sandoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Deforges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzannah","family":"Stuijfzand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuella","family":"Epiney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvan","family":"Vial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Sekarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Messerli-B\u00fcrgy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Ehlert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Bickle-Graz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Morisod Harari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Porcheret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S","family":"Schechter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Ayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Horsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2003.00215.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5 ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.10.009"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.03.018","article-title":"Reducing intrusive traumatic memories after emergency caesarean section: a proof-of-principle randomized controlled study","volume":"94","author":"Horsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.01.003"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(00)01097-8"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.07.045","article-title":"Maternal posttraumatic stress disorder during the perinatal period and child outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"225","author":"Cook","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.1.83"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.48.4.304"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12328","article-title":"The influence of postpartum PTSD on breastfeeding: a longitudinal population-based study","volume":"45","author":"Garthus-Niegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.07.067","article-title":"The prospective relationship between postpartum PTSD and child sleep: a 2-year follow-up study","volume":"241","author":"Garthus-Niegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garthus-Niegel S , Horsch A , Handtke E , et al . The Impact of Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress and Depression Symptoms on Couples\u2019 Relationship Satisfaction: A Population-Based Prospective Study. Front Psychol 2018;9:1728 https:\/\/doi.org\/ doi:10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01728","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01728"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pisoni C , Spairani S , Fauci F , et al . Effect of maternal psychopathology on neurodevelopmental outcome and quality of the dyadic relationship in preterm infants: an explorative study. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2018:1\u201310 https:\/\/doi.org\/","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1487935"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-003-0024-6"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12483","article-title":"Maternal perinatal mental health and offspring academic achievement at age 16: the mediating role of childhood executive function","volume":"57","author":"Pearson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14712","article-title":"Maternal post\u2010partum depression symptoms are negatively associated with emotion regulation of children born very preterm","volume":"108","author":"Sandoz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.17","unstructured":"Bauer A , Parsonage M , Knapp M , et al . The costs of perinatal mental health problems. London: Centre for Mental Health and London School of Economics, 2014."},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berger A , Bachmann N , Signorell A , et al . Perinatal mental disorders in Switzerland: prevalence estimates and use of mental-health services. Swiss Medical Weekly 2017;147:w14417 https:\/\/doi.org\/","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2017.14417"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.19","unstructured":"Horsch A . Post traumatic stress disorder following childbirth and pregnancy loss. In: Beinard H , Kennedy P , L S , eds. Clinical psychology in practice. Oxford: Blackwell, BPS, 2009: 274-\u201387."},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2010.513047"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466508X279495"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.6.550"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horsch A , Jacobs I , Gilbert L , et al . Impact of perinatal asphyxia on parental mental health and bonding with the infant: a questionnaire survey of Swiss parents. BMJ Paediatrics Open 2017;1.doi:10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000059","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2017-000059"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830601117175"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.25","unstructured":"Lamb ME . The role of the father in child development. 4 ed. Hoboken,N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2004."},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01973.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60238-5"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1683"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1314.033"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.02.007"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(01)00092-8"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.12.009"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2004.10.005"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.06.010"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.5.998"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.08.024","article-title":"Cortisol awakening response among women exposed to intimate partner violence","volume":"74","author":"Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.4.394"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shalev AY , Videlock EJ , Peleg T , et al . Stress hormones and post-traumatic stress disorder in civilian trauma victims: a longitudinal study. Part I: HPA axis responses. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2008;11.doi:10.1017\/S1461145707008127","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145707008127"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.024877"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2503","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress symptoms and cortisol regulation in mothers of very preterm infants","volume":"30","author":"Habersaat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.11.009"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00067-7"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)04162-8"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.04.006"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.106"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.004"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagpal M , Gleichauf K , Ginsberg J . Meta-Analysis of heart rate variability as a psychophysiological indicator of posttraumatic stress disorder. Trauma & Treatment 2013;3.","DOI":"10.4172\/2167-1222.1000182"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.11.039","article-title":"They know their trauma by heart: an assessment of psychophysiological failure to recover in PTSD","volume":"150","author":"Norte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620070-00003"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4802","article-title":"Psychological effect of an analogue traumatic event reduced by sleep deprivation","volume":"38","author":"Porcheret","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.6310","article-title":"Effects of sleep after experimental trauma on intrusive emotional memories","volume":"39","author":"Kleim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woud ML , Cwik JC , Blackwell SE , et al . Does napping enhance the effects of cognitive bias Modification-Appraisal training? an experimental study. PLoS One 2018;13:e0192837.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0192837","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192837"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porcheret K , van Heugten\u2013van der Kloet D , Goodwin GM , et al . Investigation of the impact of total sleep deprivation at home on the number of intrusive memories to an analogue trauma. Transl Psychiatry 2019;9 https:\/\/doi.org\/ doi:10.1038\/s41398-019-0403-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0403-z"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01701.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp109"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.44.4.1110"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.1.3"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01828.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(99)80016-6"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5332.1659"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.61","unstructured":"Gunzenhauser N . Infant stimulation: for whom, what kind, when, and how much? Skillman. NJ: Johnson and Johnson, 1987."},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.62","unstructured":"Schore AN . Affect regulation and the origin of the self. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 1994."},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.003","article-title":"Elevated cortisol in healthy female adolescent offspring of mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01553-6"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00965-3"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000046872.56865.02","article-title":"Maternal panic disorder: infant temperament, neurophysiology, and parenting behaviors","volume":"42","author":"Warren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(01)00043-9"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.09.002","article-title":"Understanding the trans-generational consequences of prenatal stress","volume":"75","author":"Ehlert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2004.05.002"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20066"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500355030"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00733.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12015","article-title":"Maternal Disrupted Communication During Face-to-Face Interaction at 4 months: Relation to Maternal and Infant Cortisol Among at-Risk Families","volume":"18","author":"Crockett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infancy"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2004.00698.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(01)00085-3"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131829"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131273"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.02.007","article-title":"Effects of interpersonal violence-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on mother and child diurnal cortisol rhythm and cortisol reactivity to a laboratory stressor involving separation","volume":"90","author":"Cordero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318198a82c"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braeken MAKA , Kemp AH , Outhred T , et al . Pregnant mothers with resolved anxiety disorders and their offspring have reduced heart rate variability: implications for the health of children. PLoS One 2013;8:e83186.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0083186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083186"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02410.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastos MH , Furuta M , Small R , et al . Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015;32 https:\/\/doi.org\/ doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD007194.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007194.pub2"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.03.015"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033722"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmes EA , James EL , Coode-Bate T , et al . Can playing the computer game \"Tetris\" reduce the build-up of flashbacks for trauma? A proposal from cognitive science. PLoS One 2009;4:e4153.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0004153","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004153"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmes EA , James EL , Kilford EJ , et al . Key steps in developing a cognitive vaccine against traumatic flashbacks: visuospatial tetris versus verbal PUB quiz. PLoS One 2010;5:e13706.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0013706","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013706"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2007.12.003","article-title":"The influence of data-driven versus conceptually-driven processing on the development of PTSD-like symptoms","volume":"39","author":"Kindt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.10.008"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01930"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5451.248"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35044580"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.08.005","article-title":"Intrusive memories of trauma: a target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application","volume":"69","author":"Iyadurai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.23"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1040-3590.9.4.445"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2014.6.1.103"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furuta M , Horsch A , Ng ESW , et al . Effectiveness of trauma-focused psychological therapies for treating post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in women following childbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2018;9.doi:10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00591","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00591"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts NP , Kitchiner NJ , Kenardy J , et al . Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009 https:\/\/doi.org\/","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006869.pub2"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00121-7","article-title":"Pharmacological prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Sijbrandij","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose SC , Bisson J , Churchill R , et al . Psychological Debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002;171 https:\/\/doi.org\/ doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD000560","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000560"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000486"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02105408"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashbaugh AR , Houle-Johnson S , Herbert C , et al . Psychometric validation of the English and French versions of the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). PLoS One 2016;11:e0161645.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0161645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161645"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.1.61"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.107","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. In: Text Rev. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2000."},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boc\u00e9r\u00e9an C , Dupret E . A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in a large sample of French employees. BMC Psychiatry 2014;14 https:\/\/doi.org\/ doi:10.1186\/s12888-014-0354-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0354-0"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox JL , Holden JM , Sagovsky R . Detection of postnatal depression. development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. British Journal of Psychiatry 1987;150.","DOI":"10.1037\/t01756-000"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(98)80023-0"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31820513be","article-title":"Validation of the GENEA Accelerometer","volume":"43","author":"Esliger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.114","first-page":"447","article-title":"Evaluation de l'insomnie: validation de trois questionnaires","volume":"23","author":"Blais","year":"1997","journal-title":"L'Enc\u00e9phale: Revue de psychiatrie clinique biologique et th\u00e9rapeutique"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ait-Aoudia M , Levy PP , Bui E , et al . Validation of the French version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index addendum for posttraumatic stress disorder. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2013;4:19298.doi:10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.19298","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.19298"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000119004"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.117","unstructured":"Brazelton TB , Nugent JK . The neontal behavioral assessment scale. 4 ed. London: Mac Keith Press, 2011."},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)62273-1"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2016.07.001","article-title":"Do infants exhibit significant cortisol reactivity to the face-to-face Still-Face paradigm? A narrative review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Provenzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00621"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12123","article-title":"Evaluating the nature of the Still-Face effect in the double face-to-face Still-Face paradigm using different comparison groups","volume":"21","author":"DiCorcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infancy"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-005-0074-z","article-title":"A new mother-to-infant bonding scale: links with early maternal mood","volume":"8","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bienfait M , Haquet A , Maury M , et al . Traduction fran\u00e7aise de l\u2019autoquestionnaire MIBS (Mother to Infant Bonding Scale) et validation comme \u00e9valuation du lien m\u00e8re-nouveau-n\u00e9 en maternit\u00e9. Devenir 2017;29.doi:10.3917\/dev.174.0233","DOI":"10.3917\/dev.174.0233"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.124","unstructured":"Biringen Z . The emotional availability (EA) scales and EA zones evaluation: Infancy\/early childhood version; middle childhood\/youth versions; therapist\/interventionist\/professional manual; couple relationship manual. 4 ed. Colorado: Boulder, 2008."},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2014.01.002"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2013.841171"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayley N , Reuner G . Bayley scales of infant and toddler development: Bayley-III: Harcourt assessment, Psych. Corporation San Antonio, Tex, USA, 2006.","DOI":"10.1037\/t14978-000"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01818.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04022.x","article-title":"Significance of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors in the development of AGA preterm infants at five to seven years","volume":"31","author":"Largo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine Child Neurology"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13397-1","article-title":"Crib II: an update of the clinical risk index for babies score","volume":"361","author":"Parry","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris PA , Taylor R , Minor BL , et al . The REDCap Consortium: building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform 2019;95::103208. https:\/\/doi.org\/ doi:10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camm AJ , Malik M , Bigger J , et al . Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. European Heart Journal 1996;17.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.024"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2013.774431","article-title":"Validation of the post-delivery perceived stress inventory","volume":"19","author":"Razurel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.06.016"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2004.11.006"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/1552-6909.12251","article-title":"Validation of the postnatal perceived stress inventory in a French speaking population of primiparous women","volume":"42","author":"Razurel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abidin RR . Parenting stress index-short form. VA: Pediatric Psychology Press Charlottesville, 1990.","DOI":"10.1037\/t02445-000"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3502_14"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.04.007"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.1995.tb00163.x"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/019261800261815"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.144"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esliger DW , Rowlands AV , Hurst TL , et al . Validation of the GENEA Accelerometer, 2011","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31820513be"},{"key":"2020050713450184000_9.12.e032469.146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70279-3"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032469","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T22:05:54Z","timestamp":1601071554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":146,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032469","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}}}