{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T01:37:26Z","timestamp":1776476246979,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581292800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Career Development Fellowship, ID:1126229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Career Development Fellowship, ID:1126229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009027","name":"Smith and Nephew Orthopaedics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Investigator initiated research grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Investigator initiated research grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intertrochanteric fractures are common fragility injuries in the elderly. Surgical fixation using intramedullary devices are one of the widely used management options. To date, evidence demonstrating the effects of lag screw configuration and the mode of lag screw locking in these devices is lacking. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the lag screw configuration (single vs integrated dual interlocking screw) and the mode of lag screw locking (static vs dynamic) of a femoral nail device result in differences in clinical and functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicentre, pragmatic, single-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) with a three-arm parallel group design is proposed. Nine-hundred patients with intertrochanteric fractures (A1 and A2 AO\/OTA) will be randomised to fracture treatment using a Gamma3 nail (Stryker; proximally dynamic) or a Trigen Intertan nail (Smith &amp; Nephew) in a dynamic or static lag screw configuration. The primary outcome measure consists of radiological evidence of construct failure within 6\u2009months following surgery, with failure being defined as breakage of the femoral nail or distal locking screw, a change in tip-apex distance of more than 10\u2009mm or lag screw cut-out through the femoral head. Secondary outcomes include surgical data (operation time, fluoroscopy time), complications (surgical site infection, reoperation, patient death), return to mobility and home circumstances, functional independence, function and pain. Patients who are able to walk independently with or without a mobility aid and are able to answer simple questions and follow instructions will be asked to participate in three dimensional gait analysis at 6\u2009weeks and 6\u2009months to assess hip biomechanics from this cohort. Additional secondary measures of gait speed, hip range of motion, joint contact and muscle forces and gross activity monitoring patterns will be obtained in this subgroup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Central Adelaide Local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee has approved the protocol for this RCT (HREC\/17\/RAH\/433). The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACTRN12618001431213.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T04:24:33Z","timestamp":1581395073000},"page":"e032640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Proximal Femoral Nail Unlocked versus Locked (ProFNUL): a protocol for a multicentre, parallel-armed randomised controlled trial for the effect of femoral nail mode of lag screw locking and screw configuration in the treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7446-3679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjun","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research (COTR), Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Thewlis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research (COTR), Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ladurner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Health Technology Assessment, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Rickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.1","unstructured":"Boulton C , Bunning T , Johansen A , et al . National hip fracture database: annual report 2017. United Kingdom, 2017."},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.2","first-page":"697","article-title":"Implants for extracapsular neck of femur fracture dynamic hip screw versus intramedullary nailing","volume":"29","author":"Butt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.3","unstructured":"Harvey N , McCloskey E . Gaps and solutions in bone health: a global framework for improvement. International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), 2016."},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1627-0"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1964-3"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00381-9"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1696-0","article-title":"Epidemiology and direct medical costs of osteoporotic fractures in men and women in Switzerland","volume":"16(Suppl 2)","author":"Lippuner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)90027-9"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B9.31752","article-title":"Changes in the pattern of fractures of the hip in patients 60 years of age and older between 2001 and 2010: a radiological review","volume":"95-B","author":"Lakstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623184"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001711011213","article-title":"Decision Making in the Management of Extracapsular Fractures of the Proximal Femur - is the Dynamic Hip Screw the Prevailing Gold Standard?","volume":"11","author":"Jacob","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-2834-9","article-title":"Unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures: is there a consensus on definition and treatment in Germany?","volume":"471","author":"Knobe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00517"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.14","unstructured":"ANZHFR . Australia & New Zealand Hip Fracture Registry: Annual Report 2018, 2018."},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-016-1757-z","article-title":"Intertrochanteric fractures: a review of fixation methods","volume":"26","author":"Sambandam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker MJ , Handoll HHG . Gamma and other cephalocondylic intramedullary nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:CD000093.doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD000093.pub4","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000093.pub4"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B1.BJJ-2016-0134.R1","article-title":"Implant options for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip","volume":"99-B","author":"Socci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18195","article-title":"Internal fixation treatments for intertrochanteric fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized evidence","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.19","article-title":"A survey of current practices and preferences for internal fixation of trochanteric fractures of the femur in Brazil","volume":"10","author":"Giordano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007446","article-title":"Comparison of intramedullary fixation and arthroplasty for the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures in the elderly: a meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Nie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-214","article-title":"Quality of life after pertrochanteric femoral fractures treated with a \u03b3 nail: a single center study of 62 patients","volume":"13","author":"Giessauf","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2013.12.013","article-title":"Gamma nail in the treatment of closed trochanteric fractures. results and indications of 121 cases","volume":"100","author":"Kempf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2013152","article-title":"Proximal femoral nail antirotation and third-generation gamma nail: which is a better device for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures?","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001610010389","article-title":"Complications in Treatment of 31-A Fractures with Trochanteric Gamma Nail (TGN) Versus Gamma3 Nail (G3N) - A Review of 217 Cases","volume":"10","author":"Schupfner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/143598","article-title":"Complications following treatment of trochanteric fractures with the gamma3 nail: is the latest version of gamma nail superior to its predecessor?","volume":"2014","author":"Georgiannos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Res Pract"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001408010466","article-title":"Treatment of trochanteric fractures with the gamma3 nail - methodology and early results of a prospective consecutive monitored clinical case series","volume":"8","author":"Unger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-009-0955-0","article-title":"Minimally invasive osteosynthesis in stable trochanteric fractures: a comparative study between Gotfried percutaneous compression plate and gamma 3 intramedullary nail","volume":"129","author":"Varela-Egocheaga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(03)00287-0"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queally JM , Harris E , Handoll HHG , et al . Intramedullary nails for extracapsular hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014:CD004961.doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD004961.pub4","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004961.pub4"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31819211b2","article-title":"The treatment of intertrochanteric fractures: results using an intramedullary nail with integrated cephalocervical screws and linear compression","volume":"23","author":"Ruecker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000967","article-title":"Cephalomedullary nail fixation of Intertrochanteric femur fractures: are two proximal screws better than one?","volume":"31","author":"Serrano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.011","article-title":"Locked minimally invasive plating versus fourth generation nailing in the treatment of AO\/OTA 31A2.2 fractures: A biomechanical comparison of PCCP(\u00ae) and Intertan nail(\u00ae)","volume":"46","author":"Knobe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518761504","article-title":"Optimizing stability in AO\/OTA 31-A2 intertrochanteric fracture fixation in older patients with osteoporosis","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-015-0750-4","article-title":"Do PFNA devices and Intertan nails both have the same effects in the treatment of trochanteric fractures? A prospective clinical study","volume":"20","author":"Seyhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001145","article-title":"Helical blade or the integrated lag screws: a matched pair analysis of 100 patients with unstable trochanteric fractures","volume":"32","author":"Gavaskar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000008","article-title":"Malpositioning of the lag screws by 1- or 2-screw nailing systems for pertrochanteric femoral fractures: a biomechanical comparison of gamma 3 and intertan","volume":"28","author":"N\u00fcchtern","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000552"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200401000-00003","article-title":"Intramedullary fixation of unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures: one or two lag screws","volume":"18","author":"Kubiak","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-4-16","article-title":"Comparison of migration behavior between single and dual lag screw implants for intertrochanteric fracture fixation","volume":"4","author":"Kouvidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16315-3","article-title":"Comparison of clinical outcomes with InterTan vs gamma nail or PFNA in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196809000-00003","article-title":"Biomechanical principles of intramedullary fixation","volume":"60","author":"Allen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19851101-08","article-title":"Biomechanics of intramedullary fracture fixation","volume":"8","author":"Kyle","year":"1985","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.43","unstructured":"Perren SM . Physical and biological aspects of fracture healing with special reference to internal fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1979:175\u201396."},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Increased fracture collapse after Intertrochanteric fractures treated by the dynamic hip screw adversely affects walking ability but not survival","volume":"2016","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1101","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20141124-58","article-title":"Factors influencing functional outcomes in United intertrochanteric hip fractures: a negative effect of lag screw sliding","volume":"37","author":"Yoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199811000-00009","article-title":"Forces required to initiate sliding in second-generation intramedullary nails","volume":"80","author":"Loch","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200001000-00016"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02620365","article-title":"The treatment of trochanteric and femoral neck fractures using the dynamic hip screw (DHS)","volume":"1","author":"Euler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B2.7706347","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of the sliding hip screw and the dome plunger. Effects of material and fixation design","volume":"77-B","author":"Choueka","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/00001433-200402000-00005","article-title":"The sliding hip screw","volume":"15","author":"Dodds","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Orthop"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-20-60","article-title":"Is the lag screw sliding effective in the intramedullary nailing in A1 and A2 AO-OTA intertrochanteric fractures? A prospective study of sliding and None-sliding lag screw in Gamma-III nail","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.52","unstructured":"Trauma S . Gamma3 trochanteric nail 170 & 180 operative technique. 33. Sch\u00f6nkirchen, Germany: Stryker, 2016."},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.53","unstructured":"Nephew S . Trigen Intertan trochanteric antegrade nail: operative technique. Tenessee, USA: Smith & Nephew, 2012: 31."},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2147","article-title":"The PRECIS-2 tool: designing trials that are fit for purpose","volume":"350","author":"Loudon","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20151222-11","article-title":"Complications after hip nailing for fractures","volume":"39","author":"Mavrogenis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-1","article-title":"Critical factors in cut-out complication after gamma nail treatment of proximal femoral fractures","volume":"14","author":"Bojan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00012","article-title":"The value of the tip-apex distance in predicting failure of fixation of peritrochanteric fractures of the hip","volume":"77","author":"Baumgaertner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0837-7"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00357"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(17)30776-3","article-title":"Late postoperative analysis of the tip-apex distance (TAD) in pertrochanteric fractures: is there an accommodation of the implant within the bone?","volume":"48(Suppl 4)","author":"Aihara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001551","article-title":"Femoral neck shortening after hip fracture fixation is associated with inferior hip function: results from the faith trial","volume":"33","author":"Felton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e849","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20130624-13","article-title":"Femoral neck shortening after internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture","volume":"36","author":"Zielinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.10.010"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90384-0","article-title":"The structure and stability of the functional independence measure","volume":"75","author":"Linacre","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90184-7"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197794115119","article-title":"Interrater reliability of the 7-level functional independence measure (FIM)","volume":"26","author":"Hamilton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70381-9"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.005"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20549"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.03.027"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00f6derman P , Malchau H . Is the Harris hip score system useful to study the outcome of total hip replacement? 2001: 189\u201397.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200103000-00022"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.10.935"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.73","first-page":"319","article-title":"Does the implant make the difference\u2008? - Prospective comparison of two different proximal femur nails","volume":"82","author":"Hopp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000616","article-title":"Five-year outcome analysis of Intertrochanteric femur fractures: a prospective randomized trial comparing a 2-Screw and a Single-Screw Cephalomedullary nail","volume":"30","author":"Berger-Groch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.75","first-page":"8640","article-title":"A randomized prospective comparison of Intertan and gamma3 for treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures","volume":"9","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-014-0191-y","article-title":"InterTan nail versus gamma3 nail for intramedullary nailing of unstable trochanteric fractures","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-013-1136-8","article-title":"Selecting and measuring optimal outcomes for randomised controlled trials in surgery","volume":"399","author":"Macefield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2016.10.019","article-title":"Are we all guilty of under-estimating intra-operative blood loss during hip fracture surgery?","volume":"14","author":"Budair","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007224","article-title":"Surgical complications and their impact on patients' psychosocial well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.18.2053"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-017-0826-2","article-title":"Complications after hip fracture surgery: are they preventable?","volume":"44","author":"Flikweert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.5371\/hp.2018.30.3.168","article-title":"Local postoperative complications after surgery for Intertrochanteric fractures using Cephalomedullary nails","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hip Pelvis"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2728-2","article-title":"Intramedullary nails result in more reoperations than sliding hip screws in two-part intertrochanteric fractures","volume":"471","author":"Matre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314963"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.15.93","article-title":"Measurements of balance: comparison of the timed \"up and go\" test and functional reach test with the berg balance scale","volume":"15","author":"Bennie","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921500675545616"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/00139143-200608000-00004"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00222-6"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1298\/jjpta.6.9","article-title":"Test-Retest reliability and inter-tester reliability of kinematic data from a three-dimensional gait analysis system","volume":"6","author":"Tsushima","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Jpn Phys Ther Assoc"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.901024"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.10.021","article-title":"Lower limb estimation from sparse landmarks using an articulated shape model","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3138\/physio\/60\/1\/10","article-title":"Predictors of gait speed in patients after hip fracture","volume":"60","author":"Kline Mangione","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12337","article-title":"Physical activity using wrist-worn accelerometers: comparison of dominant and non-dominant wrist","volume":"37","author":"Dieu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-133","article-title":"3066 consecutive gamma nails. 12 years experience at a single centre","volume":"11","author":"Bojan","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182a1f54b","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of interlocking lag screw design in intramedullary nailing of unstable pertrochanteric fractures","volume":"27","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2025121407512606000_10.2.e032640.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B6.31018","article-title":"Inadequate 'three-point' proximal fixation predicts failure of the Gamma nail","volume":"95-B","author":"Abram","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T15:51:41Z","timestamp":1765727501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032640","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}}}