{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:19:59Z","timestamp":1792513199819,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1104438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1104438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about the bone health of adults with bipolar disorder, aside from evidence purporting bone deficits among individuals with other mental illnesses, or those taking medications commonly used in bipolar disorder. In this paper, we present the methodology of a case\u2013control study which aims to examine the role of bipolar disorder as a risk factor for bone fragility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men and women with bipolar disorder (~200 cases) will be recruited and compared with participants with no history of bipolar disorder (~1500 controls) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Both cases and controls will be drawn from the Barwon Statistical Division, south-eastern Australia. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Research Version, Non-patient edition is the primary diagnostic instrument, and psychiatric symptomatology will be assessed using validated rating scales. Demographic information and detailed lifestyle data and medical history will be collected via comprehensive questionnaires. Participants will undergo dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and other clinical measures to determine bone and body composition. Blood samples will be provided after an overnight fast and stored for batch analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethics approval has been granted from Barwon Health Research Ethics Committee. Participation in the study is voluntary. The study findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and reports to the funding body.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T09:20:12Z","timestamp":1581499212000},"page":"e032821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bone health in bipolar disorder: a study protocol for a case\u2013control study in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1377-1272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lana J","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3269-5401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon L","family":"Brennan-Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Cowdery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-3248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinoomika","family":"Chandrasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A","family":"Pasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.12"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18008","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.8","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"4","author":"Vieta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00505-2","article-title":"Estimating the true global burden of mental illness","volume":"3","author":"Vigo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.1394","article-title":"Comorbidities and mortality in bipolar disorder: a Swedish national cohort study","volume":"70","author":"Crump","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013981","article-title":"Association between bipolar spectrum disorder and bone health: a meta-analysis and systematic review protocol","volume":"7","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.013","article-title":"Bipolar disorder and bone health: a systematic review","volume":"249","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0323-4"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.489","article-title":"Bone density and depressive disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Schweiger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.11.019"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.048"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001967","article-title":"Bone mineral density in schizophrenia: an update of current meta-analysis and literature review under guideline of PRISMA","volume":"94","author":"Tseng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/13894501113146660231"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3468-4","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between eating disorders and bone density","volume":"27","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071373","article-title":"The use of antidepressive agents and bone mineral density in women: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Schweiger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2016.1167873","article-title":"Relationship between antipsychotic medication, serum prolactin levels and osteoporosis\/osteoporotic fractures in patients with schizophrenia: a critical literature review","volume":"15","author":"De Hert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.10.011"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr148"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.18","unstructured":"First MB , Spitzer RL , Miriam G , et al . Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders, research version, non-patient edition. SCID-I\/NP) New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 2002."},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.19","unstructured":"First M MG , RL. S , et al . Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders, (SCID-II). Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Press, Inc, 1997."},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00536.x","article-title":"The bipolar depression rating scale (BDRS): its development, validation and utility","volume":"9","author":"Berk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.23","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics . The Australian and New Zealand standard classification of occupations (ANZSCO) version 1.2 (cat. No. 1220.0) 2013."},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.24","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics . An introduction to socio-economic indexes for areas (SEIFA) 2006."},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2009.06.021"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.26","unstructured":"Giles C , Ireland P . Dietary questionnaire for epidemiological studies. Melbourne: Cancer Council of Victoria, 1996."},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.5.936","article-title":"A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies","volume":"36","author":"Baecke","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199108000-00015","article-title":"A physical activity questionnaire for the elderly","volume":"23","author":"Voorrips","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199801000-00020"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00263-8"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90154-4"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)03347-2"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200203000-00008"},{"key":"2025121220340708000_10.2.e032821.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200512010-00015"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032821","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T04:34:14Z","timestamp":1765600454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032821","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}}}