{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T18:23:24Z","timestamp":1765736604675,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585008000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"St. Olav Hospital, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry","award":["Administrative research support"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Administrative research support"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004590","name":"Helse Midt-Norge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/42794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/42794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adolescence is a significant burden to patients. Clinical guidelines recommend non-pharmacological therapies, but the evidence to support this recommendation is sparse. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a 12-week group cognitive\u2013behavioural therapy (CBT) programme for adolescents with ADHD aged 14\u201318 years, who still have impairing symptoms after treatment with medication. We will study the effect of the treatment on ADHD symptoms and examine moderators and mediators of the effect of the treatment on ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n We conduct a randomised controlled trial of CBT group therapy in adolescents with ADHD recruited from child psychiatric outpatient units in Mid-Norway. 99 adolescents who met inclusion criteria and consented to participation have been randomised to a 12-week group intervention or to a control group receiving treatment as usual. Assessments are made at admission to the clinic, preintervention, postintervention and at a 9-month follow-up, obtaining adolescent, parent and teacher reports. Clinicians blinded to group allocation rate all participants as to their functioning preintervention and at the two postintervention assessment points. The primary outcome is change in symptom scores on the ADHD Rating Scale-IV.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics in South East Norway approved the study protocol (2015\/2115). We will disseminate the findings in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, to user organisations and at courses attended by families and professionals. Two PhD students will publish and defend dissertations relating to the study. Planned publications include primary and secondary outcomes and patient satisfaction with the treatment. Furthermore, we plan to publish a manual of CBT group therapy in adolescent ADHD to benefit treatment of patients in Norway and elsewhere.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n \n NCT02937142<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T16:25:18Z","timestamp":1585153518000},"page":"e032839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cognitive\u2013behavioural group therapy for adolescents with ADHD: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02937142","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"preResults"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02937142","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1179-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torunn Stene","family":"N\u00f8vik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Lise Juul","family":"Haugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stian","family":"Lydersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per Hove","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Services Limited, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Mari","family":"Sund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.164.6.942"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.12.010"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000189134.97436.e2"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsm002"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12845","article-title":"Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity: a population-based study of 40 000 adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"137","author":"Solberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30269-4","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Cortese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solanto MV . Stimulant drugs and ADHD: basic and clinical neuroscience. USA: Oxford University Press, 2001.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195133714.001.0001"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.8","unstructured":"N.I.C.E . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The NICE guideline on diagnosis and management of ADHD in children, young people and adults. National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence\/ British Psychological Society and the Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2018."},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.9","unstructured":"Helsedirektoratet . ADHD\/ hyperkinetisk forstyrrelse\u2013Nasjonal Faglig retningslinje for utredning, behandling OG oppf\u00f8lging: Rett diagnose\u2013individuell behandling (IS-2060). Oslo, 2014."},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02191.x","article-title":"Practitioner review: non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD: a lifespan approach","volume":"51","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Pscychiatry"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-007-0028-2"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000216","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for adult ADHD","volume":"85","author":"Knouse","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054712443155"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12549","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for ADHD in medication-treated adolescents","volume":"57","author":"Sprich","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatr"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.12.016","article-title":"Group therapy for adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Vidal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715604362","article-title":"What predicts a good adolescent to adult transition in ADHD? the role of self-reported resilience","volume":"22","author":"Schei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.12.007","article-title":"Predictors associated with improved cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"54","author":"Torp","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000240838.78984.e2"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young S , Bramham J . Cognitive-Behavioural therapy for ADHD in adolescents and adults: a psychological guide to practice. London, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119943440"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2004.11.001","article-title":"The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials 2001","volume":"1","author":"Moher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Explore"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.21","unstructured":"World Health Organisation . The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 1992."},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.22","unstructured":"Achenbach TM . Achenbach system of empirically based assessment (ASEBA): development, findings, theory, and applications. Research Center of Children, Youth & Families: University of Vermont, 2009."},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DuPaul GJ , Power TJ , Anastopoulos AD , et al . ADHD rating Scale-5 for children and adolescents: checklists, norms, and clinical interpretation. New York, NY: Guilford Publications, 2016.","DOI":"10.1037\/t05638-000"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wechsler D . Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2013Fourth edition (WISC-IV). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 2003.","DOI":"10.1037\/t15174-000"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.26","unstructured":"Guy W . ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology (vol. 76). Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute of Mental Health, Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs, 1976."},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(91)90103-2"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000230","article-title":"Competence and adherence scale for cognitive behavioral therapy (CAS-CBT) for anxiety disorders in youth: psychometric properties","volume":"28","author":"Bjaastad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0815H"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canu WH , Hartung CM , Stevens AE , et al . Psychometric properties of the Weiss functional impairment rating scale: evidence for utility in research, assessment, and treatment of ADHD in emerging adults. J Atten Disord 2016:1087054716661421.doi:10.1177\/1087054716661421","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054716661421"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199704000-00018"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198811000-00011"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870170011"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarzer R , Jerusalem M . Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. In: Weinman J , Wright S , Johnston M , eds. Extreme stress and communities: Measures in health psychology: A user\u2019s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs. Windsor, UK: NFER-NELSON, 1995: 159\u201377.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8486-9_7"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg M . Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, 1965.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400876136"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gioia GA , Isquith PK , Guy SC , et al . Behavior rating inventory of executive function: brief. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 2000.","DOI":"10.1037\/t73087-000"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.11.001"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-015-0083-2","article-title":"Effective management of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through structured re-assessment: the Dundee ADHD clinical care pathway","volume":"9","author":"Coghill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2015-102150","article-title":"Group cognitive-behavioural therapy may reduce symptoms and impairment in adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"18","author":"Coghill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2017.1288064","article-title":"Parent-based diagnosis of ADHD is as accurate as a teacher-based diagnosis of ADHD","volume":"129","author":"Bied","year":"2017","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"2025121410213536000_10.3.e032839.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.07.020","article-title":"Self-Report of ADHD shows limited agreement with objective markers of persistence and remittance","volume":"82","author":"Du Rietz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T18:21:46Z","timestamp":1765736506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032839","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}}}