{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:36:54Z","timestamp":1787017014137,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades.","award":["RTI2018-098455-B-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-098455-B-C21"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2019\/HUM-5802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2019\/HUM-5802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To address how different residential situations impact the likelihood of death among mature adults and elderly persons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-based study with administrative data linked to census data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spanish population alive on 1 January 2012, observed between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2012. A 10% random sample of the Spanish population, including 2\u2009054\u2009427 person years and 28\u2009736 deaths, is used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Registered deaths in the 2012 Spanish vital statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a new data set based on linked administrative registers, we estimate unadjusted and adjusted mortality rates by coresidential situation. Differential mortality is measured by rate ratios (RR) estimated with Poisson regression. Cause of death data are used to explore the mechanisms involved in excess mortality by residential status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with men 45\u201354 living with partners, the risk of death is much higher for those without partners living with others (RR 2.0, 95%\u2009CI 1.7 to 2.4) or for those living alone (RR 1.9, 95%\u2009CI 1.5 to 2.4). After 84, excess mortality among men living with others persists (RR 1.4, 95%\u2009CI 1.3 to 1.5), but disappears for those living alone (RR 1.0, 95%\u2009CI 0.9 to 1.1). Both among women 45\u201364 living with others but without partner (RR 1.8, 95%\u2009CI 1.5 to 2.3) and among those living alone (RR 2.2, 95%\u2009CI 1.5 to 3.1) the pattern is similar to men. At higher ages, however, excess mortality for women living alone decreases (RR 1.2, 95%\u2009CI 1.1 to 1.2), though it persists for women living with others (RR 1.9, 95%\u2009CI 1.7 to 2.0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate direct effects of living arrangements on mortality and health-related selection effects influencing residential choices. These effects may be partially affected by age and prevailing societal and cultural contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T04:25:15Z","timestamp":1580444715000},"page":"e033330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Residential status and health in middle and late life: a population-based study with new data from Spain"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-6029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Requena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociologia II, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5648-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Reher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociologia Aplicada, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411014216000_10.1.e033330.1","unstructured":"Agree EM . Demography of aging and the family. In: Hayward MD , Majmundar MK , eds. Future directions for the demography of aging, 2018: 159\u201386."},{"key":"2025121411014216000_10.1.e033330.2","unstructured":"Palloni A . Living arrangements of older persons. in: United nations. living arrangements of older persons: critical issues and policy responses. New York: Population Bulletin of the United Nations, Special Issue Nos. 42\/43, 2001: 54\u2013110."},{"key":"2025121411014216000_10.1.e033330.3","unstructured":"United Nations . Living arrangements of older persons around the world. 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