{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T01:41:49Z","timestamp":1784943709008,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the evolution of body mass index (BMI) of HIV-positive adults on second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) over time and factors affecting it in north-west Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted using data extracted from 1016 patient cards from February 2008 to February 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight referral hospitals from Amhara region, Ethiopia were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV patients who started second-line ART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Change in BMI since starting second-line ART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five hundred and thirty-eight (52.95%) participants were males and the median age of the participants was 33 years (IQR: 28; 39). The median follow-up time was 18 months (IQR: 5.2; 32.2). The average change of BMI showed linear increase over time. The amount of BMI increment or decrement according to each variable was shown as \u03b2 coefficients. Treatment duration (\u03b2=0.013, 95%\u2009CI 0.004 to 0.022), isoniazid prophylaxis (\u03b2=0.87, 95%\u2009CI 0.32 to 1.42), cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (\u03b2=0.63, 95%\u2009CI 0.08 to 1.19), ambulatory functional status (\u03b2=\u22121.16, 95%\u2009CI \u22121.95 to 1.31), bedridden functional status (\u03b2=\u22121.83, 95%\u2009CI \u22122.47 to 1.21), WHO stage III (\u03b2=\u22120.42, 95%\u2009CI \u22120.65 to 0.20), WHO stage IV (\u03b2=\u22120.62, 95%\u2009CI \u22121.02 to 0.22), CD4 count (\u03b2=0.001, 95%\u2009CI 0.0008 to 0.0015), and time interaction of variables like tertiary educational status (\u03b2=0.02, 95%\u2009CI 0.01 to 0.04), ambulatory functional status (\u03b2=0.03, 95%\u2009CI 0.01 to 0.05) and WHO stages III (\u03b2=0.01, 95%\u2009CI 0.007 to 0.02) were found to be significant predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BMI of patients has shown linear increment over the treatment time. Factors affecting it have been identified but its effect on cardiovascular disease needs further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T11:49:20Z","timestamp":1569325760000},"page":"e033393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Body mass index variation over time and associated factors among HIV-positive adults on second-line ART in north-west Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3488-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adhanom Gebreegziabher","family":"Baraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6418-7674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lemma Derseh","family":"Gezie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ejigu Gebeye","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Awoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adino Tesfahun","family":"Tsegaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121408133740000_9.9.e033393.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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